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Europe Between the Two World Wars

Learn about key events and figures from the tumultuous period between the two World Wars, including leaders like Lenin and Stalin, rise of Fascism and Nazism, Einstein's scientific breakthroughs, and cultural movements like Expressionism and Jazz. Explore the literary themes of hopelessness and pacifism that dominated the era.

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Europe Between the Two World Wars

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  1. Europe Between the Two World Wars 1920s-1930s

  2. 5 Big Changes

  3. Communism in Russia • Nikolai Lenin—Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution • [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxHUeHhdYz0 • Joseph Stalin—He became leader of the USSR from 1922-1952, a man who was responsible for roughly 40 million deaths. • [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TXHL7FsKvU

  4. Fascism in Italy • Definition—A government ruled by a dictator who controls the lives of the people. People cannot disagree with the government due to the importance of nationalism. • Benito Mussolini—Fascist dictator in Italy

  5. Nazism in Germany • German Fascism = Nazism • Adolf Hitler—Nazi Germany’s leader • [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCkn5bu8GgM

  6. Einstein & Science • Albert Einstein—He was born in Germany in 1879, but revolutionized the field of physics, correcting some of the errors of Isaac Newton (who was, nevertheless, also a brilliant physicist). He was visiting the U.S. when Hitler came to power in 1933, and became an American citizen in 1940. • Theory of Relativity • E = mc2 • [Video, sk2:50-3:40] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64WpGhpjkHg

  7. Expressionism (Painting) • “I am unable to distinguish between the feeling I have for life and my way of expressing it.” – Henri Matisse • Definition: Expressionism reflects the artist’s personal vision of life, while adding emotion. • [Van Gogh] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC2VriINKLU • [Video, sk 1:12-19] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa6jEubs8DM

  8. Cubism (Painting) • Pablo Picasso (Spain’s greatest painter) • Definition: Cubism used odd-looking shapes and forms to create an abstract picture • [Video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V15rXg1nJ6w

  9. Music in the ‘20s and ’30s • Jazz—This genre of music was born in New Orleans, LA, which combined a “melting pot” of cultures to produce music that was spontaneous and based on feeling. • [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6tW54kRfHs • Polytonality—Developed by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and Austrian Arnold Schonberg, this means to play two different keys at once. It created somewhat depressing-sounding music. • [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZkIAVGlfWk

  10. Literature in the ‘20s and ’30s • Themes—Much of the literature in the 1920s and 1930s had themes of hopelessness, pessimism, and pacifism. Writers were living in the aftermath of a brutal war, and could not make sense of things like hope and happiness. • “One by one they were all becoming shades. Better pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age.” - James Joyce

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