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Comprehensive Guide to General Patient Assessment

Learn how to conduct a thorough general survey of patients, understanding the relationships between diseases and general features, with examples included. Explore consciousness, facial features, positions, posture, gait, gender, age, vital signs, development, habitus, and nutritional status. Gain insights into sex-related illnesses, age-related diseases, body type classifications, and nutritional assessments. Discover abnormal developments, endocrine gland disorders, and factors influencing physical development.

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Comprehensive Guide to General Patient Assessment

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  1. Chapter 4 Physical examination 第四章 身体评估

  2. Part OneAssessment of general features第一节 一般状态检查

  3. Aim • 1.We should know what to do during the general servey for your patient. • 2.You can explain the relationships between the disease and each element about the general servey for your patient. • 3.And give some example about it.

  4. 6.Consciousness 7.Facial Feature 面容与表情 8.Position体位 9.Posture/ Gait 姿势与步态 Gender Age Vital sign Development /Habitus 发育与体型 Nutritional status Preassessment Overview

  5. 6.Consciousness 7.Facial Feature 面容与表情 8.Position体位 9.Posture/ Gait 姿势与步态 Gender Age Vital sign Development /Habitus 发育与体型 Nutritional status Preassessment Overview

  6. 1.gender(性别)

  7. ①sex-related illnesses • female • 99% breast cancer . • Ovarian cancer • Autoimmune diseases（SLE） • male • Prostate cancer • colour blindness • Hemophilia

  8. 2.Age

  9. AGE • Skin and mucous membrane elasticity and shineThe state of muscleAnd distribution of hair colorFace and neck skin wrinklesState of tooth

  10. Age-related Disease-- Children diphtheria白喉 measles麻疹 Rickets佝偻病

  11. Elderly Cancer Cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease Adolescent Tuberculosis 结核 rheumatic fever 风湿热 Age-related Disease-- ：

  12. 4.Development and Habitus

  13. ①Interesting Facts Chest circumference＝height/2 Sitting height＝Leg Length Arm span＝height

  14. Genetic遗传Endocrine内分泌Nutrition Metabolism营养代谢Physical Exercise体育锻炼 Factors ②Factors？ • Age • IQ Height 身高 • Age • Physicality Weight 体重 Sexual development

  15. ③Abnormal Development

  16. ③Abnormal Development • 线性生长过速 • 身材矮小症 • 身体比例失调 • 身高下降

  17. Endocrine glands:

  18. ③Abnormal Development • Gigantism （巨人症）---growth hormone（GH）↑ • Acromegaly(肢端肥大症)---（GH）↑ • dwarfism （侏儒症）---growth hormone（GH） ↓ • Cretinism （呆小症）---thyroid hormone ↓ Give me your answers!

  19. 2.sex-related

  20. （二）habitus sternal angle skeleton骨骼 muscles肌肉 fat distribution Infrasternal angle Costal arch 肋弓

  21. Habitus/Body Type Ectomorph Mesomorph Endomorph （瘦长型/无力型） （匀称型/正力型）（矮胖型/超力型）

  22. 5.nutrition

  23. 5.Nutritional status • Height • Body weight • Sitting height • Head circumference • Chest Circumference • Upper arm circumference • Triceps Skinfold TSF

  24. ①Grade of Nutritional Status Normal Malnutrition Overweight

  25. ②BMI Calculator 中国 24 28

  26. 腰臀比

  27. Grades/Type Normal Mild (Grade-Ⅰ) Moderate (Grade-Ⅱ) Severe (Grade-Ⅲ) Eating disorders --- cancer, liver disease, anorexia nervosa. Digestive disturbances --- stomach, intestines, pancreas disease. Increased energy consumption --- hyperthyroidism, diabetes, tuberculosis, cancer, etc ③Malnutrition

  28. ③Over Nutrition-Obesity • exogenous obesity - obesity caused by overeating   • endogenous obesity- obesity resulting from dysfunction of the endocrine or metabolic system

  29. 7.Facial Feature

  30. 9.Posture/ Gait

  31. 小结

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