The JRC at the Service of the European Citizen Institute for Energy (IE) Petten, The Netherlands

1. The JRC at the Service of the European Citizen Institute for Energy (IE) Petten, The Netherlands http:// ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu http:// www.jrc.nl M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

2. Court of Justice ITU IRMM IES Panorama of the European Union The Committee of the Regions European Court of Auditors The Council of the European Union European Parliament Economic and Social Committee European Commission (25 Commission members) ... SG. ... ... ENV RELEX SANCO ... ENTR JRC … ... RTD IE IPSC IPTS IHCP M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

3. Why JRC? • More than 25% of all EU legislation has a significant S&T basis • (e.g. food, chemicals, environment, energy) • advanced analytical requirements, e.g. related to nuclear safety • harmonisation - best practice – validation; • training. • As a service of the European Commission, the JRC provides • in-house scientific and technical support to Community • policy making In the last 2 years, the JRC has been involved in over 70 pieces of EU legislation M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

4. JRC Mission Statement to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies The JRC functions as a centre of science and technology (S&T) reference for the EU independent of commercial and national interests... M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

5. The structure of the JRC 7 Institutes in 5 Member States: total staff 2200 • IE - Petten The Netherlands • Institute for Energy • IRMM- Geel Belgium • Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements ITU - Karlsruhe Germany • Institute for Transuranium elements IPSC - IHCP - IES - IspraItaly • Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen • Institute for Health and Consumer Protection • Institute for Environment and Sustainability • IPTS -SevilleSpain • Institute for Prospective Technological Studies • DG, Scientific Strategy & Resource Directorates M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

6. Secure Future Energy System Sustainable Competitive Commission Green Paper COM(2006)105 M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

7. Energy at the JRC • to provide scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. • performance assessment of energy technologies: efficiency, safety, reliability, environmental compliance • new energy carriers: Hydrogen • solar test installation for photovoltaic devices • characterisation of vehicle emissions • security aspects of energy infrastructures • techno- and socio-economic aspects in energy production, conversion and use to become EC S&T reference for safer and cleaner energy technologies M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

8. Nuclear safety • Making both existing and new designs of nuclear power plants in enlarged EU & CIS even safer • Cleaner Energies • Supporting the transition towards a de-carbonised, hydrogen economy • High Flux Reactor • Medical Applications • Nuclear Safety IE Activities Energy Information Platform evaluation, validation, forecasting, dissemination M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

9. Clean Energies Unit Mission Provide S&T support to EU policies on safer and cleaner energy technologies for sustainable development through acting as the EC in-house reference point on selected energy technology issues • validating, harmonising and analysing data and information on sustainable energy technologies • validating, harmonising and standardising measurement andtest methods and procedures (forerunners to codes & standards) • assessing, validating and benchmarking performance, efficiency, reliability, safety and environmental compliance of selected safer and cleaner energy technologies S&T competence, state-of-the-art facilities, competitive work • active communication of rationale and policy-impact of the work programme and dissemination of its output M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

10. Experimental Activities • no development of new technologies, but • “enabling” activities in areas of: • process issues related to alternative fuels and hydrogen from biomass • characterisation and performance assessment of • fuel cells, stacks and systems • hydrogen storage technologies • hydrogen sensors • techno-economic assessment of energy technology issues • through own research and networking with EU stakeholders M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

11. Energy Recovery and Alternative Fuels from Waste and Biomass Extraction Hood Fuel (5 kg/h) Exhausts (60 Nm3/h) Exhausts (15 Nm3/h) Fuel hopper Burner Syngas (10 Nm3/h) Fluidized bed reactor Water Water softener Furnace Steam generator Steam Air heater Ash Internally circulating fluidized bed facility for gasification M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

12. Validation and Verification of Fuel Cell technologies Environmental and vibration testing of FC systems and their performance CFD modelling of FC performance & modelling validation M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

13. H2 Storage, Distribution and Safety Activities GasTeF Safety bunker for stationary & cyclic testing facility up to 800 bar High Pressure H2 Storage SolTeF Laboratory for storage capacity characterisation Solid-state H2 Storage On-board safety sensors SenTeF Laboratory for sensor testing 2D and 3D CFD codes dispersion modelling Modeling H2 release M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

14. (3a) High Pressure Storage • pressure testing of hydrogen and natural gas tanks, mainly for vehicle applications • permeation measurements and load-cycling at controlled temperature • development of test procedures for performance testing • support to pre-normative research & standardization • development & validation of risk assessment methodologies bunker for high pressure facilities M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

15. Hydrogen Safety / Risk Application of expertise and tools developed and used in nuclear safety M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

16. Explosion accident in a refueling station Hydrogen Explosion / Distribution Flow path in streets with South-West winds H2 release from a bus tank in a tunnel- pressure distribution on an iso surface of 350 K M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

17. (3b) On-board vehicle hydrogen safety sensors Objective: to establish unified testing procedures for H2- safety sensor performance (lifetime, sensitivity, accuracy, reaction time..) under real service life conditions The challenge: sensors that can sense leaks within the target timeframe at the desired detection level, assess the hazard, trigger an alarm or activate a protective device Type of sensors: electrochemical, semi-conductor, catalytic pellistor, thermal conductivity and field effect transistor. M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

18. (3c) Solid-State Storage • Objective: • to reduce uncertainties in hydrogen sorption measurement techniques for reliable assessment of potential and of fitness for purpose • laboratory investigations • using different characterisation techniques/instruments • covering different temperature and pressure regimes • repeatable and reproducible results on well-characterised materials • ‘round robin’ exercises • unified testing procedures M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

19. Sustainable Energy Technologies Reference & Information • Objectives:in collaboration between JRC institutes • to collect, harmonise and validate information on energy technologies • to perform related techno-economic assessments • to establish, in collaboration with all relevant national partners, the S&T reference required for the debate on a Sustainable Energy strategy in an enlarged EU & in the context of global sustainable development Other activities • Inter-service group on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells • Secretariat of the European H2 & Fuel Cell Technology Platform • Drafting of strategic documents, implementation plan • Move towards Joint Technology Initiative • Harmonisation with other European Technolofy Platforms (ZEP, Dynamis project) • ExCo of IEA Hydrogen Implementation Agreement • Implementation and Liaison Committee of International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

20. International Energy Agency • ExCo H2 Implementing Agreement • HIATask 17 Solid and Liquid State Hydrogen Storage Materials • HIA Task 22 • HIA Task 18 Assessment of Integrated Systems • HIA Task 19 Hydrogen Safety • ExCo FC Implementing Agreement • Bioenergy Task 36 Integrated Waste Management • Bioenergy Task 37 Biogas • CEN/CENELEC • CEN/TC 343 (Solid Recovered Fuels) • CEN/BT/WG/ 149 “Liquid and Gaseous Alternative Fuels” • CEN/CENELEC mandate • Others: IEC-TC 105, IOS-TC 197, US Fuel Cell Council, … M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

21. IPHE efforts • Commenting scoping papers H2 storage, fuel cells, socio-economics • Lead scoping paper Regulations, Codes and Standards • Co-chair of RCS WG (H2 safety explicitly included) • Co-organisation with DG RTD and US-DoE of international workshops • Hydrogen Storage (Lucca 2005) • Hydrogen from Renewables (Seville 2005) • Hydrogen Safety (Pisa 2005) • identifying IEA links • Forthcoming workshops • IPHE-IEA hydrogen storage (2006) • ICHS-2 (San Sebastian, 2007) • Participation to IPHE-projects (NessHy, Hy-Approval, HyWays-IPHE, FCTESQA, …) M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006

22. Robust science for policy making • Interfacing/interacting with international activities • Training, education, dissemination • Exploiting unique combination of expertise and facilities • Calibration and Certification of Photovoltaic Solar Electricity, … • performance assessment: H2 storage and fuel cell technologies, … • energy from waste, biomass (incl. energy crops) • Networking with stakeholders within the European Energy Research Area M. Steen – IEA HIA ExCo – Nov.2006