Camera Use Case Analysis

1. Camera Use Case Analysis Sheremetyevo airport

2. TK-10 Detect opening of solid doors • Possible by looking for movement / change on the doors • Candidate alerts: Abandoned Object, Object Removal, Motion Detection • False alert likely due to normal activity • Use only the tops of the doors to reduce likelihood • Tilting the camera so more of the top of the far door is visible may improve performance.

3. TK-10 Detect opening of glass doors • This use case is not practical • Glass doors themselves are very difficult to see • Activity is visible through the glass doors, which is likely to cause false alerts • Alternative: • Detection using physical door sensors

4. TK-10 Detect person entering without inspection • Must define what constitutes “inspection” • If defined as presence of inspectors, then it may be possible • If defined as some specific activity, then may not be possible • Not practical from this view • Inspectors not reliably visible • Outside view or partly hidden behind X-ray machine • Alternative: • Change camera viewpoints may so inspectors reliably visible • Use RFID to ensure presence of inspectors

5. TK-10 Detect person moving between wall and detector • May be practical • False alerts likely from people walking between camera and this location • Change of camera viewpoint will help reduce false alerts • Improve view of target area • Reduce chance of person walking in front during normal activity

6. TK-10 Verify guard check badge of people entering rear area • Not practical, many of the ways a guard may“check” someone’s badge will be hard to detect. • It is possible to check for presence of a guard when someone approaches the door. • Checking for presence of guard may not be reliable from this view. • Guards standing behind x-ray machine or out of view may be missed. • Alternatives to check for presence of guard: • Change camera view / add camera • Use RFID to track guard’s location

7. TK-49 Alert if only one guard is present in security check area • Large number of false alerts may be generated because • a guard often stands out of view of the camera. • Guard near monitor may “disappear” if sits very still. • Alternatives: • Add second camera for guard near monitor • Instruct guards to remain where visible during inspection • Change camera view so guard always in field of view. • Use RFID to track guard’s location

8. TK-49 Alert if both guards near monitor during inspection • Not practical from this view • Large number of false alerts will be generated because: • Guard’s black uniform blends together with chair, desk, monitor and each other. • Guards often sit very still near each other and overlap. • These will often cause the guards to “disappear” or blend into one “person”, triggering false alert • Alternatives: • Change camera view so guards at monitor station always clearly visible • Overhead view may be better • Custom alert development may help • Use RFID to track guard’s location

9. TK-40 Alert if area becomes crowded • Possible • Alert on amount of “motion” (foreground) in area. • Should be reliable given good background and stable lighting

10. TK-47 & TK-119 Alert on Abandoned Bags • Not practical from this view • Large number of false alerts will be generated because: • People often place bags for long periods. • People often remain still, and so will “disappear” • People walk in/out of scene leaving others with their bags • Large windows create strong shadows at times of day, some of which will look like bags. • Other use cases on this camera: • Alert on over-crowding • Search on person’s clothing

11. TK-53 Alert on person moving in an irregular path (loitering) • Not currently practical • SVS can currently only recognize loitering by how long someone stays visible. This definition… • captures only some of the loitering shown in this scene • does not perform well for long loitering times • Alternative, custom development: • Another way to define loitering is a person who wanders around in the scene without going anywhere • i.e. moves only a short end-to-end distance with a long total path length • Loitering detection using this definition may be possible with minor changes to the Region alert

12. TK-166 & TK-164 Alerts for aircraft monitoring • Cameras only: • Alert on # people in vicinity of plane too high • Alerts based on person or vehicle activity are not practical • View is to far to monitor detailed activity – can monitor location only • Alternatives: • Monitor authorized persons/vehicles with RFID • Camera can then alert when unauthorized person/vehicle near plane • May be able to alert on unexpected movements • Example: Person X near plane entrance

13. TK-137 & TK-158 Alerts for checkpoint views • Alert for guard near metal detector may work for both views • Close enough for good detection • Guard must remain in field of view when passengers present • Alert for guard near monitor may work for TK-137 and right side station of TK-158 • Close enough for good detection, good contrast.