Office of Science Experience with Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) of Environmental Remediation

1. Office of Science Experience with Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) of Environmental Remediation David Michlewicz – DOE Office of Science, Office of Safety, Security and Infrastructure Contributors Susan Heston and Kaushik Joshi – Argonne Site Office Hemant Patel – Berkeley Site Office Gail Penny – Brookhaven Site Office Mac Roddye – SC-Oak Ridge David Osugi – SLAC Site Office 2010 Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance Conference November 16, 2010

2. Office of Science Mission • Single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States (Budget ~$5 billion) • Office of Science (SC) manages and supports basic science research programs in: • Advanced Scientific Computing Research • Basic Energy Sciences (including materials sciences, chemistry, physical biosciences, and geosciences) • Biological and Environmental Research (including genomics-based systems biology for energy & environment, climate science, and subsurface science for DOE legacy sites) • Fusion Energy Sciences • High Energy Physics • Nuclear Physics 2

3. SC Stewards10 out of 17 DOE National Laboratories 3

4. EM to SC Site Transitions • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) – FY 2008 • Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) – FY 2010 • Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) – Planned for FY 2012 • SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) – Planned for FY 2012 • Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) – >20 Years 4

5. Factors Affecting Transitions at SC Sites • All five sites have continuing science missions so • S&M of environmental remediation is accepted as part of routine site operations and integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring program 5

6. SC and EM Conditions for Site Transition (2-9-2006) • Implement DOE O 430.1B (RPAM) • Joint development of Site Transition Plan (STP) and S&M Plan • SC support to EM with CD-4 for transferred activities • Readiness Assessment prior to transfer • EM transfers 5-year target to SC – functional transfer memo to CFO • EM transfers to SC records, real property, contracts and grants, IT resources, etc. • EM retains responsibility for litigation, closure of contracts, Records of Decisions, worker compensation claims • One year “warranty” on unanticipated cost and scope • No transfer without adequate funding 6

7. LBNL - S&M Requirements • Environmental remediation scope completed under RCRA in FY 2007 • Operating, maintaining, and monitoring the corrective measures – 11 groundwater treatment systems and ~175 monitoring and extraction wells • Quarterly reporting on the status of the corrective measures • Conducting five-year reviews (first review in 2012) • Submitting documentation when cleanup standards have been met • Evaluating efficacy of continuing cleanup measures • Evaluating requirements for land use restrictions • Reporting and cleanup of newly discovered legacy releases • Evaluating impacts of contamination on new construction 7

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9. LBNL - Status of S&M • S&M integrated into site-wide environmental management system • Corrective measures are being applied in seven areas of groundwater contamination • Eleven groundwater treatment systems operating • The corrective measures have been effective in reducing contaminant concentrations • Groundwater plumes are stable or attenuating and plumes are not migrating offsite • Groundwater contaminant concentrations reduced below the drinking water standard in some areas 9

10. ANL - S&M Requirements • Site-wide remediation program was conducted under Illinois EPA RCRA Corrective Action Program requirements, completed in September 2003 • Operations and maintenance of groundwater extraction and phytoremediation at 300 Area • Maintenance of engineered clay covers for three landfills • Periodic groundwater monitoring at 300 and 800 Areas and reporting to IEPA • Records management 10

11. Groundwater Monitoring Wells and Solid Waste Management Units 11

12. ANL - Status of S&M • S&M integrated into site-wide Environmental Management System • All remedial actions that were installed are operational and well-maintained • Recently IEPA approved S&M modification, thus reducing its scope and making it more cost effective • ANL will consider technically viable and cost-effective options to enhance current remediation actions at the 300 Area, thus eliminating or shortening the long-term groundwater monitoring 12

13. BNL - S&M Requirements • Legacy cleanup to be completed under a BNL Interagency Agreement with the U.S EPA and New York State by end of FY 2011 • S&M of completed environmental remedies required under CERCLA • Operating, maintaining, and monitoring 16 groundwater treatment systems and ~700 monitoring wells • Monthly, quarterly and annual reporting • Monitoring and reporting on Peconic River cleanup • Maintenance and monitoring of three capped landfills • Surveillance and maintenance of two decommissioned research reactors – • D&D completed in FY 2011 • Implementing a land use controls management program and controlling uses of some soil remediation sites • Five-year reviews (2nd review in 2011) • Continued regulatory outreach • Reporting and cleanup of newly discovered legacy releases 13

14. 16 Groundwater Treatment Systems 13 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Systems 2 Sr-90 Systems 1 Tritium Pump & Recharge System Since 1996: • 16 billion gallons of contaminated groundwater treated and recharged to the aquifer • 6,400 lbs VOCs removed • 21 mCi Sr-90 removed • 2 systems met cleanup goals and were dismantled 14

15. Cleanup Progress 1997 to 2009 15

16. BNL - Status of S&M • STP/ target transfer being negotiated • Additional remediation scope is an issue • S&M will be integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring program • Monitoring has determined that additional cleanup scope was required for Peconic River, additional extraction wells for Strontium-90 groundwater treatment and deep VOC contaminated soil removal • To be completed by FY 2012 prior to transfer to SC • 2nd Five Year Review in progress • Reactor D&D is in progress and S&M plans are under development • Sixteen groundwater treatment systems are operating and have been effective in reducing contaminant concentrations 16

17. SLAC - S&M Requirements • A 2009 cleanup and abatement order from the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water Quality Control Board named both DOE and Stanford University as responsible parties and required the remediation process to be modeled on CERCLA guidelines • Environmental remediation for the current EM scope to be completed in FY 2011 • Operation, maintenance, and monitoring of five (5) groundwater treatment systems and ~135 groundwater monitoring and extraction wells • Maintenance of site controls and surveillance of soil cleanup areas • EM will have continuing responsibility (and liability) to prepare and fund the preparation of applicable Water Board-required documents and perform any required modifications to remedies necessary to obtain regulator approval 17

18. Investigation Area Locations-1 18

19. Investigation Area Locations-2 19

20. SLAC - Status of S&M • STP/ target transfer being negotiated • EM's future commitment on currently inaccessible or unidentified legacy contamination will be addressed in the STP • S&M will be integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring program 20

21. ORNL • EM is expected to be responsible for all reservation cleanup, including S&M of environmental remediation measures, for at least twenty years. Responsibility will then transfer to SC. • Established S&M measures include • Enforceable provisions in CERCLA RODs • Annual monitoring and reporting to the State and U.S. EPA • Perpetual trust fund for onsite disposal facility 21

22. EM to SC Transfer Challenges • Completion of EM cleanup scope doesn’t mean that all cleanup has been completed. Examples of remaining scope: • BNL – Demolition of BGRR Building 701 and cleanup of soil contamination at Brookhaven Avenue • SLAC – Future cleanup of inaccessible or unidentified legacy contamination areas • Excess facilities at ANL, BNL, LBNL, ORNL and SLAC • Funding from laboratory overhead increases overhead burden on lab programs 22