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Computational Methods to study Sequencing data. -Meenakshi Sharma. Outline. Bioinformatics Genomics Motivation Challenges Next-Generation-Sequencing Pipeline Sequencing Mapping Assembly Blast. Introduction. Biology Computer Science Data Mining Statistics Applied Mathematics
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Computational Methods to study Sequencing data -Meenakshi Sharma
Outline • Bioinformatics • Genomics • Motivation • Challenges • Next-Generation-Sequencing Pipeline • Sequencing • Mapping • Assembly • Blast
Introduction • Biology • Computer Science • Data Mining • Statistics • Applied Mathematics • Applied Chemistry • Applied Physics Bioinformatics
Definition • Bioinformatics definition by bioinformatics definition Committee, National Institute of Mental Health released on July 17, 2000 “Research, development, or application of computational tools and approaches for expanding the use of biological, medical, behavioral or health data, including those to acquire, store, organize, archive, analyze, or visualize such data.”
Genomics • Determine the complete DNA sequence for all genetic material contained in an organism • Analysis and comparison of entire genome of a single or multiple species • Genome: set of all genes possessed by an organism
Motivation • Gene and genome organization • Study protein structure and functions • Study metabolic pathways • Study ecology and environment • Find potential pathogen
Challenges • Knowledge acquisition and knowledge management • Methods for Information and Knowledge Processing • Information retrieval • Statistical data analysis • High-performance and large-scale computing • Applications of new devices and emerging hardware technologies • Visualization of data and knowledge • Legal issues, policy issues, history, ethics
Sequencing Infected Tissue ATGCGACTC ACCATGGCG ACTAGGGCA ATTATGTAG ATGGGTGAA TTCATGCGG ACTTCGCGT ATGATCCGA Reads from Infected Sample Illumina Sequencer Library Preparation Reads from Healthy Sample Healthy Tissue
Mapping ATGGGTGAA TTCATGCGG ACTTCGCGT ATGATCCGA ATGCGACTC ACCATGGCG ACTAGGGCA ATTATGTAG Reads from Infected Sample Reads from Healthy Sample NC_000018 NC_000018 ATGATGATGATGATGCGACTCTACCGGCGTA ATGATGATGATGATACTTCGCGTTCTCGCGTA ATGATGATGATGATGCGACTCTACCGGCGTA 0000000 2 2 1 5 0 0000000000 3 … ATGCGACTC 0000000 10 20 12 45 10 0000000000 10 … ATGCGACTC ATGCGACTC 0 00 000 0000000000001
Comparing coverages in 2 samples Healthy Tissue Coverage Value Infected Tissue
Assembly ATGCGAACCATG ACTAGATTATGTTTCGCGA ACTCCCTATCGA GATTATGTTTCGCGA ATGTTTCGCGAGGTGT … ATGGGTTTA TTCATGTCG ACTTGTCAG ATGATCTAA … ATGCGACTC ACCATGGCG ACTAGGGCA ATTATGTAG … ATGGGTATTCATG TCTTTGTATGATCTA ATGGGTAATG GTGTGTATGATCTA … ATGAAA TGAAAA TGAAAA GAAATA ATGCGA TGCGAG TGCGAT TGCGAG
Blast ATGCGAACCATG| papilloma virus ACTAGATTATGTTTCGCGA| Ecoli ACTCCCTATCGA| human mitochondria GATTATGTTTCGCGA| human chr 12 ATGTTTCGCGAGGTGT| polio virus … ATGCGAACCATG ACTAGATTATGTTTCGCGA ACTCCCTATCGA GATTATGTTTCGCGA ATGTTTCGCGAGGTGT … ATGGGTATTCATG| small pox virus TCTTTGTATGATCTA| human chr 21 ATGGGTAATG| growth factor gene GTGTGTATGATCTA| human mitochondria … ATGGGTATTCATG TCTTTGTATGATCTA ATGGGTAATG GTGTGTATGATCTA …
Sequencing ATGCGA ACCATG ACTAG ATTATGTA ATGGGTA TTCATG ACTTGT ATGATCTA Sequencing reads ATGCGA ACCATG ACTAG ATTATGTA Assembly ATGGGTA TTCATG ACTTGT ATGATCTA Mapping ATGCGA ACCATG ACTAG ATTATGTA ATGGGTA TTCATG ACTTGT ATGATCTA ATGGGTATTCATG TCTTTGTATGATCTA ATGGGTAATG GTGTGTATGATCTA ATGCGAACCATG ACTAGATTATGTTTCGCGA GATTATGTTTCGCGA ATGTTTCGCGAGGTGT NC_989231 ATGTAATCTAGTAGATGAGATGATAG ACTAG ACTTGT Assembled Contigs Coverage Values Blast Coverage Analysis ATGCGAACCATG ACTAGATTATGTTTCGCGA GATTATGTTTCGCGA ATGTTTCGCGAGGTGT TAGATC TGAGAT TAGATC ATGTAA TGAGAT TAGATC ATGTAA TGAGAT TAGATC NC_989231 ATGTAATCTAGTAGATGAGATGATAGATCGCAT ACTAG TGAGAT TCGCAT ACTAG TGAGAT TCGCAT ACTAG TCGCAT ATGGGTATTCATG TCTTTGTATGATCTA ATGGGTAATG GTGTGTATGATCTA Matched genes and Organisms Differential Coverage
References • Gibas, C. and Jambec, P., Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills, April 2001, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Web. 13 February 2012. • Kahn, Scott D., On the Future of Genomic Data Science 331, 728 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1197891 • Wetterstrand KA., DNA Sequencing Costs: Data from the NHGRI Large-Scale Genome Sequencing Program, Available at: www.genome.gov/sequencingcosts. 13 February 2012.