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Lesson 5.13: The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963

Lesson 5.13: The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963. Sea Power and Maritime Affairs. Enabling Objectives. Comprehend the development of new strategies and weapons systems, in terms of competition for resources within the DoD and within the U.S. Navy, during the Cold War.

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Lesson 5.13: The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963

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  1. Lesson 5.13: The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963 Sea Power and Maritime Affairs

  2. Enabling Objectives • Comprehend the development of new strategies and weapons systems, in terms of competition for resources within the DoD and within the U.S. Navy, during the Cold War. • Comprehend how the threat of limited naval presence was used to influence international affairs during the 1950s. • Know the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 on U.S. naval policy and national policy.

  3. The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963 Elected 1952-1960 Administration increases military funding after the Korean War.

  4. The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963 • Worldwide U.S. interests. • Strategy of containment must be backed by threat of force. • Naval deployments - worldwide. • Influence international affairs. • Threat of either limited or unlimited naval force. • Numbered fleets deployed in different regions. • Second Fleet Atlantic • Third Fleet Eastern Pacific • Sixth Fleet Mediterranean • Seventh Fleet Western Pacific and Indian Ocean • Fifth Fleet Arabian Gulf (1995)

  5. AdmiralArleigh Burke Chief of Naval Operations 1955-1961

  6. AdmiralHyman G. Rickover Father of the Nuclear Navy and Naval Reactors 6

  7. USS Nautilus (SSN 571) • Commissioned September 1954. • First nuclear-powered submarine. • First submarine to cruise under the North Pole.

  8. USS Seawolf • Launched in 1955. • Second nuclear-powered submarine.

  9. Polaris Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBMs) Strategic Deterrence Nuclear Triad With strategic bombers and ICBMs. Eventually replaced by Poseidon and Trident missiles on newer submarines.

  10. USS George Washington (SSBN-598) June 9, 1959 – Navy’s 1st Ballistic Missile Sub

  11. USS Long Beach • 14 July 1959 • Navy’s 1st nuclear-powered surface ship • Carried 8 Polaris missiles.

  12. First Nuclear powered carrier commissioned (CVAN 65)Enterprise - 25 November, 1961

  13. Nikita Khrushchev Succeeded Stalin as Soviet premier after his death in 1953. Proposed “peaceful competition” between the superpowers. Challenged U.S. to meet Communist challenges in third world countries. 13

  14. JohnFitzgerald Kennedy Elected President over Eisenhower’s Vice President Richard Nixon in 1960. Navy PT boat commander in WW II as a Lieutenant.

  15. The Cold War Heats Up • The “Space Race” • Sputnik: First man-made satellite:1957 • Yuri Gagarin • Kennedy :U.S. will land a man on the moon “ before the decade is out.” • Naval aviators chosen among first astronauts. • “We will bury you!” speech at the United Nations – 1960 • Berlin Wall erected in 1961. • Kennedy: “Ich bin ein Berliner.”-1963

  16. Meanwhile…. Fidel Castro in Cuba Leader of Cuban Revolution against U.S.-supported President Batista in 1959. Establishes Communist government aligned with the Soviet Union. Eisenhower uses CIA to train 1,400 Cuban exiles in Guatemala

  17. Cuban Missile Crisis • 1961 - “Bay of Pigs” Invasion: • CIA-trained Cuban rebels landed by U.S. Navy. • Defeated by Castro’s communists. • 1962: Soviet nuclear missiles move to Cuba. • Located by Air Force U-2 reconnaissance plane. • Options for President Kennedy: • Air strikes or invasion too risky - may start nuclear war. • Blockade or “Quarantine” of missiles established by Navy. • 22 Oct 62- fleet directed to block military shipments from Cuba. • 25 Oct 62- Soviet Ships reverse course • Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles.

  18. Cuban Missile Crisis

  19. Cuban Missile Crisis • Kennedy’s naval ‘Quarantine’ is a conventional engagement—involving small ships • No fleet action; no hostilities • Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles in Cuba • Soviet naval policy reviewed. • Need a more balanced Navy of surface, subsurface, and air forces to challenge U.S. for command of the seas.

  20. Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet had no symmetrical, opposing forces Soviet naval policy reviewed. Need a more balanced Navy of surface, subsurface, and air forces to challenge U.S. for command of the seas.

  21. Battle History Video • Chapter 3 "Steel Walls of Freedom" • Time 36:54 - 39:24.

  22. Enabling Objectives • Comprehend the development of new strategies and weapons systems, in terms of competition for resources within the DoD and within the U.S. Navy, during the Cold War. • Comprehend how the threat of limited naval presence was used to influence international affairs during the 1950s. • Know the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 on U.S. naval policy and national policy.

  23. Questions? Next time: The U.S. Navy, Vietnam and Limited War, 1964-1975

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