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The Diversity of Life

The Diversity of Life. Chapter 12. Objectives. Be familiar with an evolutionary tree Be familiar with the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification Recognize how eukaryotes evolved Recognize the different Kingdoms of Life Describe the unique characteristics of each kingdom.

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The Diversity of Life

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  1. The Diversity of Life Chapter 12

  2. Objectives • Be familiar with an evolutionary tree • Be familiar with the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification • Recognize how eukaryotes evolved • Recognize the different Kingdoms of Life • Describe the unique characteristics of each kingdom

  3. Evolutionary Trees • Evolution is observable change in an organism over time • Evolutionary trees depict relationships between organisms over time • Where branches meet, two or more organisms shared a common ancestor

  4. Evolutionary Trees • Evolutionary trees depict shared derived (evolved difference) characteristics • Derived differences allow us to distinguish different groups of organisms

  5. Classification • Taxonomy is a branch of science that attempts to organize the many diverse forms of life • Linnaean system is most widely used • Carolus Linnaeus1707-1778

  6. Taxonomic Categories • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • species sapiens • King Phillip Could OnlyFindGerman shepards Kingdom level is most general while species level is most specific

  7. The Three Domains andSix Kingdoms of Life • Based on DNA evidence three Domains are recognized • Shared derived characteristics enable these domains to be broken into six Kingdoms

  8. Bacteria and Archaea • Kingdom Bacteria • Prokaryotic: no organelles • Often disease causing • Archaea • Prokaryotic • Extremophiles • Live in weird habitats like hot springs and super cold environments

  9. Serial Endosymbiont Theory

  10. Protista • Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms • Most protists are unicellular. • Protist groups are predominately organized by feeding method plus other unique characteristics.

  11. Animalia • All multicellular • Heterotrophic nutrition by ingestion • Diploid adult • Reproduction is usually sexual • Embryonic development often used to taxonomically classify animal groups

  12. Fungi • Multicellular eukaryotes • Feed as heterotrophs by absorption (Saprotrophic) • Body called mycelium made up of hyphae • Sexually reproduce via spores (resist drying out)

  13. Plantae • Multicellular eukaryotes with at least a tissue level of organization • Cell wall • Autotrophic by photosynthesis; use chlorophyll a & b • Store food reserves as starch • Terrestrial (evolved on land).

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