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Dr. Pramod Reddy

Smart Urinary Catheter (bladder catheter) (Pressure sensing and activated and also ability to detect presence of common bacteria known to cause urinary tract infections, or cellular enzymes that indicate infection). Dr. Pramod Reddy. Problem Statement.

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Dr. Pramod Reddy

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  1. Smart Urinary Catheter(bladder catheter)(Pressure sensing and activated and also ability to detect presence of common bacteria known to cause urinary tract infections, or cellular enzymes that indicate infection) Dr. Pramod Reddy

  2. Problem Statement • A common clinical problem experienced by hospitalized patients is having an indwelling urinary catheter in the bladder becoming occluded – this causes pain, can injure the bladder/kidney and increases the risk of a urinary tract infection. • 40% of all hospital acquired infections are UTIs • 75% of all UTIs acquired in the hospital are associated with an indwelling catheter • All of the above result in harm to the patient and prolonged hospital stays and added expense to the cost of care

  3. Problem Statement • Urinary catheters are commonly used medical devices across all markets • Design for the catheter has not changed much since the Foley catheter was devised in 1929 – it is still a passive bladder drainage device • There have been antibiotic or silver impregnated catheters designed to prevent UTIs – expensive and do not address all issues related to catheters • The indwelling catheter is uniquely situated to be able to provide assessment of liquid biopsies of the patients urine and serve as an early warning system for a UTI

  4. Need statement A minimal invasive bladder catheter for detecting pressure and presence of common bacteria known to cause urinary tract infections, or cellular enzymes that indicate infection The main goal here is monitoring real time urine output as a means of detecting perfusion status and kidney injury in at risk patients (critically ill patients). The target group for such solution would be patients with longer term need for indwelling catheters or patients at risk for UTIs - nursing home Pts, elderly Pts after orthopedic procedures and also patients who are immunocompromised.

  5. Job • The current practice of bladder drainage (urinary drainage) is to use a static tube that does not interact with the urine and can become blocked with injury to the bladder/kidney and increased risk of infections. • To make a smart catheter that can not only sense the pressure in the bladder – but also has a nano-electronic sensor that monitors the urine for commonly associated bacteria that can cause urinary tract infection, additionally the catheter could sense the presence of a cellular enzyme released by white blood cells in the event of an infection. • Coupled with a servo motor – the catheter could be designed to actively pump urine from the bladder if an obstruction is detected

  6. Job • Designing a smart catheter that can: • sense bladder pressure, • detect an obstruction, • Be activated to actively empty the bladder • detect the presence of a urinary tract infection - UTI (either by detecting the presence of bacterial proteins or the cellular enzymes of the white blood cells) • Alerting care team when a catheter is not draining well • Sampling of urine for commonly occurring uropathogens that will serve as an 'early warning system' for the onset of a UTI. • By doing so we can reduce harm to the patient from the sequelae of a UTI, decrease hospital stay and reduce the cost of care. All of these add value to the healthcare system

  7. Outcomes • Pressure sensing in the catheter-tip to determine if there is blockage – or pressure build up in the bladder • Servo motors to actively empty the bladder • Micro or Nano-electronic sensors in the catheter to detect the presence of bacterial proteins that would indicate an infection (to the most common organisms that cause urinary tract infections) • Micro or Nano-electronic sensors in the catheter to detect the presence the enzyme that white blood cells release into the urine in the event of an infection

  8. Constraints • Must not increase infection risk • Must perform as well as existing catheters to drain the urine – the existing catheters are static tubes that allow urine to drain out thru the lumen – so designing a catheter that will function as well as current designs is not a huge obstacle • Cost – catheters are pretty cheap – however the cost of increased hospital stay and the treatment of a UTI is not cheap – so for patients at risk for UTIs – the added expense of a Smart Urinary Catheter is justified by the savings and preventing harm

  9. Summary • If we can design such a ‘Smart Urethral Catheter – that can sense obstruction (via increased bladder pressure) and also detect the presence of bacteria known to cause urinary tract infections, or the enzyme that white blood cells release into the urine in the event of an infection – we can significantly improve the care of patients and prevent harm. • This is something that would be very helpful for patients in chronic care facilities, spinal cord injuries, abnormal urinary tracts, etc. • The scope for application of such a catheter is very broad (across all age groups and geographic regions) and the impact will be significant

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