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Cross-border transmission upgrade with increasing wind power penetration

Cross-border transmission upgrade with increasing wind power penetration Leif Warland, Magnus Korpås, John O. G. Tande, and Kjetil Uhlen SINTEF Energy Research, Norway. Outline. Objective and approach Main results - Onshore grid upgrades Main results - Offshore grid scenarios

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Cross-border transmission upgrade with increasing wind power penetration

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  1. Cross-border transmission upgrade with increasing wind power penetration Leif Warland, Magnus Korpås, John O. G. Tande, and Kjetil Uhlen SINTEF Energy Research, Norway

  2. Outline • Objective and approach • Main results - Onshore grid upgrades • Main results - Offshore grid scenarios • Conclusions and recommendations

  3. Objective and Approach • Main Objective: Assessing the effect of upgrading selected transmission corridors with increasing wind penetration • The transmission corridors are selected by: • Stage 1: Looking at known plans and necessary upgrades • Stage 2(3): Using sensitivity calculations to identify critical corridors • The assessment is carried out by computing operational costs due to transmission constraints (“bottleneck costs”) • Tool: An integrated power market and network simulation model (PSST)

  4. NTC HVDC Branch Internal constraints in Germany Sensitivity of transmission (2020 M) Sensitivity ~ reduction in annual operational cost per MW increase in transmission capacity

  5. Bottleneck cost • An hour by hour simulation over a full year using the PSST is performed assuming: • A full DC European grid (power flow is constrained) • A copperplate model (all grid constraints are removed) • The average generation cost is calculated as the annual operational cost of generation divided by the annual load • The bottleneck cost is the difference in average generation cost between the full grid and the copperplate model

  6. Main results:Onshore grid upgrades (2030) Stage 1 grid upgrades (planned projects) Stage 2+3 grid upgrades (42 new projects)

  7. Results from 2030 scenario - Marginal cost of energy Wind energy penetration: 0 11.5 % 17.5 % 22 %

  8. Operational cost reduction resulting from the proposed grid upgrades For the 2030 scenario the cost reduction allows for an average investment cost of minimum 475 Million € for each of the 42 projects (stage 2 +3) identified

  9. Main results:Offshore wind in Northern Europe Total offshore wind: 2015 (M) 23 GW 2020 (M) 43 GW 2030 (H) 117 GW

  10. Radial connection of offshore wind(2030 H)

  11. Possible meshed HVDC connection(2030 H)

  12. Bottleneck costs of adding offshore wind 2030 H Preliminary cost/benefit assessments indicate that a meshed offshore grid is economically feasible (as an alternative to radial connections) 250+117 GW 250 GW

  13. General conclusions • TradeWind is the first project to analyse wind power impact on cross-border transmission and market design at a European level. • Significant macro-economic (operational) cost savings are achieved by wind replacing fossil fuels • Cross-border transmission upgrades and a sound market design is necessary to maximise benefits

  14. Summary and conclusions - Transmission upgrades • Analyses have been presented on grid capacity upgrades and wind impact on bottlenecks in Europe • Hourly simulations over the scenario year have been carried out using the Power System Simulation Tool (PSST) assuming an ideal market • Grid upgrades, in addition to those assumed in existing plans, have been proposed in this study by using a methodology based on sensitivities for ranking of critical connections • For the 2030 scenario the cost reduction allows for an average investment cost of minimum 475 Million € for each of the 42 new projects that were identified

  15. Summary and conclusions (offshore grid) • The benefits of building a meshed offshore grid in the North Sea is assessed by comparing costs and benefits with a base case with radial connection of all offshore wind farms. • Preliminary cost/benefit assessments indicate that a meshed offshore grid is economically feasible (as an alternative to radial connections) • As an alternative to further reinforcements on mainland connections one should consider building a stronger offshore grid than exemplified in the simulation case study. • Considerable cost savings can be achieved by optimized grid design

  16. Recommendations • Proposed grid upgrades should be analysed in further detail • It is important that grid developments are aiming at an overall optimized grid design (avoiding sub-optimal solutions based on individual projects) • The model of the European power system and the collected TradeWind data on load, generation and grids should be further developed and used.

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