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Networks: Communicating & Sharing Resources

Networks: Communicating & Sharing Resources. 1. Objectives . Understand basic networking concepts. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of networks. Distinguish between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client/server local area networks (LANs).

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Networks: Communicating & Sharing Resources

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  1. Networks: Communicating & Sharing Resources 1

  2. Objectives Understand basic networking concepts. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of networks. Distinguish between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client/server local area networks (LANs). Define topology and understand how the three LAN topologies differ. 2

  3. Objectives Explain the importance of network protocols. Name the most widely used LAN protocol and its versions. Identify the special components of a wide area network (WAN) that differentiate it from a LAN. 3

  4. Objectives Contrast circuit-switching and packet-switching networks and explain their respective strengths and weaknesses. Identify the options, components, configuration, and maintenance of a home area network (HAN). 4

  5. Network Fundamentals • A network links multiple computer systems to enable them to share data and resources. • Categories of computer networks for business and organizations: • Local area network (LAN) • Wide area network (WAN) 5

  6. Network Fundamentals 6

  7. Network Fundamentals • LAN • Uses cables, radio waves, or infrared signals • Links computers in a limited geographic area • WAN • Uses long-distance transmission media • Links computer systems a few miles or thousands of miles apart • The Internet is the largest WAN 7

  8. Network Fundamentals Communication devices convert data into signals to travel over a medium. Computers Modems Routers Switches Network interface cards (NICs) 8

  9. Network Fundamentals • A node is any device connected to a network. • Network interface card (NIC) • An expansion board or adapter that provides a connection between the computer and the network • Notebook computers have wireless NICs 9

  10. Network Fundamentals • Routers • Connect two or more networks • Determine the best route to transmit data • Switches • Filter and forward data between nodes • Are similar to routers but work within a single network 10

  11. Network Fundamentals Wireless access point (WAP) Receives and transmits radio signals Joins wireless nodes to a wired network 11

  12. Network Fundamentals • File server • High-speed computer that provides program and data files to network users • Contains the network operating system (NOS) • File directories for file and resource location • Computerized software update distribution • Internet services support • Protection of services and data • Access to connected hardware by authorized users 12

  13. Advantages & Disadvantages of Networking Networking Advantages Hardware cost reduction Sharing of information, data, and applications Data management centralization Linking of people Disadvantages Loss of autonomy Lack of privacy Security threats Loss of productivity 13

  14. Local Area Networks 14 • Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks • Share files without a file server • Are easy to set up • Are best used for home or small offices with no more than 10 computers • Do not require a network operating system • Can be slow if there are too many users • Security is not strong

  15. Local Area Networks Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks 15

  16. Local Area Networks 16 • Client/server networks • Made up of one or more file servers and clients (any type of computer) • Client software enables requests to be sent to the server • Wired or wireless connections • Do not slow down with heavy use

  17. Local Area Networks 17 • Virtual private network • Operates over the Internet • Is accessible by authorized users for quick access to corporate information • Uses secure, encrypted connections and special software

  18. Local Area Networks • LAN topologies • Network topology is the physical design of a LAN. • Topology resolves contention, the conflict that occurs when two or more computers on the network attempt to transmit at the same time. 18

  19. Local Area Networks 19 • LAN topologies • Bus topology • Practical for home or small office • One node transmits at a time • Star topology • For office buildings, computer labs, and WANs • Easy to add users • Ring topology • For a division of a company or one floor • Not in common use today

  20. Local Area Networks 20

  21. Local Area Networks 21

  22. Local Area Networks 22

  23. Local Area Networks 23 • LAN protocols • Protocols are the standards used by networks to permit communication between network-connected devices. • A network’s protocol suite contains the protocols of the network and specifies its network architecture, or how the network works.

  24. Local Area Networks • LAN protocols • Network layers divide architecture for separate treatment. • Each network layer can operate and be governed by its own protocols. • The vertical arrangement of network layers is called a protocol stack. 24

  25. Local Area Networks • LAN protocols • LAN technologies • Ethernet is the most-used LAN protocol. • The most popular versions are Ethernet star networks, which use twisted-pair wiring and switches. • Wi-Fi • Uses radio waves to provide a wireless LAN standard at Ethernet speeds • Needs a central access point, which could be a wireless router 25

  26. Wide Area Networks • Point of presence (POP) • WAN connection point used to obtain access to the WAN • Wired or wireless • Backbones • High-capacity WAN transmission lines • gigaPoP (gigabits per second point of presence) transfers data exceeding 1 Gbps 26

  27. Wide Area Networks • WAN protocols • Internet protocols • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Defines how Internet-connected computers can exchange, control, and confirm messages • Internet Protocol (IP) • Provides a distinct identification to any computer connected to the Internet: the IP address • TCP/IP • Together, they define how the Internet works. 27

  28. Wide Area Networks 28 • WAN protocols • Circuit switching • Used by the public switched telephone networkto send data over a physical end-to-end circuit • Provides a direct connection between devices • Packet switching • Used for computer communication • Divides and sends outgoing messages as packets, which are reassembled upon receipt • More efficient and less expensive than circuit switching

  29. Wide Area Networks 29

  30. Wide Area Networks 30

  31. Wide Area Networks 31

  32. Wide Area Networks 32

  33. Wide Area Networks • WAN applications: E-mail, conferencing, document exchange, remote database access • LAN to LAN Connections • Transaction Acquisition 33

  34. Home Networks • Wired Home Networks • Ethernet networks link computers with a switch or router. 34

  35. Home Networks • Wireless Home Networks • Wi-Fi is the wireless standard. • Uses radio signals • Communicates through network access points • Needs wireless adapter or router 35

  36. Home Networks • Setting up a home network • Planning • Select technology • Purchase equipment and firewall software • Configuring a wired network • Connect each computer to the router • Plug printer, scanner, etc., into a computer 36

  37. Home Networks • Setting up a home network • Configuring a wireless network • Connect each node to wireless router with a wireless adapter • Connect DSL or cable modem to wireless router • Maintenance and support • Minimal maintenance required • Unplug power source from router and other peripherals and restart computer to correct problems 37

  38. Home Networks • Future of home networking • Control household appliances. • Protect homes with security systems. • Manage home network events through central control units in new homes. • Utilize wireless systems. 38

  39. Summary Computer networks of two or more linked computers share resources and exchange data. The two main types of networks are local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). There are advantages and disadvantages to using a computer network. 39

  40. Summary 40 Two main categories of LANs are peer-to-peer (P2P) and client/server. Topologies of a LAN include the bus topology, the ring topology, and the star topology. Protocols define the manner in which network devices communicate.

  41. Summary The Ethernet is the most popular LAN protocol. Distinguishing components of a WAN, as compared with a LAN, are its point of presence (POP) and backbones. WAN connections may be made through analog telephone calls or digital hookups. 41

  42. Summary The technologies on which WAN protocols are based use either circuit switching (PSTN) or packet switching (the Internet). Wired home networks use Ethernet cable, and wireless home networks rely on Wi-Fi radio signals. 42

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