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Basic Modelling Concepts

Basic Modelling Concepts. To begin with, think of:. Modelling as the act of conceptualising a real thing in either: Mathematical framework Visual framework which gives the symbolic and semantic meanings of the real thing. Conceptual Integrity in EA Modelling.

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Basic Modelling Concepts

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  1. Basic Modelling Concepts To begin with, think of: Modelling as the act of conceptualising a real thing in either: Mathematical framework Visual framework which gives the symbolic and semantic meanings of the real thing.

  2. Conceptual Integrity in EA Modelling Conceptual integrity is the degree to which a model can be understood by a single human mind, despite its complexity. ……. occurs when a design presents a single, coherent and easily understood vision

  3. Basic Modelling Activities Establish purpose, scope & focus of modelling Modelling is: Conceptualising domains (parts) of reality knowledge Select one or more Viewpoints to model Create & Structure the Models Visualise the Models CREATE concepts REFINE conceptsABANDON concepts ABSTRACT from concepts TRANSLATE concepts Modelling Actions which are also documented Validate & then use the Models Maintain the Models

  4. Modelling (Internal) Quality Assurance Heuristics = method of solving a problem by experience Modelling is heuristic and the integrity of modelling reality as conceptual symbols & semantics is subject to Lankhort’s design principles, which are considered internal quality characteristics: Do not link what is independent (orthogonality) Do not introduce multiple functions that are slightly divergent (generality) Do not introduce what is irrelevant (economy; sometimes denoted as parsimony)

  5. Modelling (External) Quality Assurance Modelling is also subject to external quality assurance: Fit for purposevalidation by EA stakeholders, to confirm the correctness and completeness of the EA models; Complying to Grice’s 4 Maxims of optimising the communications of EA models via its visual forms: • Maxim of Quantity: • Make your model as informative as necessary. • Do not make your model more informative than necessary. • Maxim of Relevance • Be relevant (i.e., model things related to the modelling goal). • Maxim of Quality • Do not model what you believe to be false. • Do not model that for which you lack adequate evidence. • Maxim of Manner • Avoid obscurity of expression. • Avoid ambiguity. • Be brief (avoid unnecessary concepts and relations). • Be orderly.

  6. Modelling (External) Quality Assurance • Modelling is also subject to external quality assurance: • Fit for purposevalidation by EA stakeholders, to confirm the correctness and completeness of the EA models; • Complying to Grice’s 4 Maxims of optimising the communications of EA models via its visual forms; • Lankhorst’s guidelines: • Model iteratively • Model for change / dynamics • Be economical in models • Be economic in views • Make concepts recognisable • Make structures recognisable • Make a model consistent • Keep related models consistent • Make models as correct & completed as needed • Treat different concerns separately

  7. Modelling Guidelines Pre-start Check-list: Is there a clear stakeholder? Is the objective explicit? Will creating an enterprise architecture model help to reach this objective? Are the boundaries clear of what you should model? Is it clear whether the situation ‘as is’ or the situation ‘to be’ should be modelled? Can you obtain the information needed to create the model? Are there realistic expectations regarding your role as an enterprise architect in the process? 8. What to capture in a model Act of MODELLING Abstract from Model Structure the model Visualise the model for communications with stakeholders Use model

  8. Modelling Guidelines Readability (easy to read) & Usability (easy to use) of Models Reduce visual complexity of models Use representation conventions eg naming & indentation conventions; layout rules, use of symbols, colours, text, etc to read & use

  9. Basic Modelling Activities Differences Between Model & Visualisation (read Lankhorst chapter 3 & 6 for full details) Model A purpose driven abstract conception of reality Visualisation A form of visual communications Has to provide answers to Qs,  Has an underlying problem solving heuristic /method Communications Purpose

  10. Tut Case Study Decision making is considered a service, which is associated with the provision of good governance to a Council's community. The Vic Local Government Ministry considers that good Council decision making, as a community service, shows evidence of community engagement, compliance to policy frameworks, agreed practice standards and the relevant legislation. It is consider a measureable objective that every Victorian Council is expected to show they make and implement decisions that in the best interests of their community. The achievement of this objective is measured by a number of indicators, summarized in the diagram overleaf

  11. Case Study Use any viewpoint to model this Local Government Governance KPI domain. Try a ER model first

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