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Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Phase Changes. Kinetic Molecular Theory # 1. Matter is composed of small particles (molecules). The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves.
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Kinetic Molecular Theory # 1 • Matter is composed of small particles (molecules). The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves.
Evidence • Food coloring in water • Dust particles in air • Gold hammered into foil • Oil spreading on the surface of water • Condensation of water vapor by increased pressure
Kinetic Molecular Theory #2 • The molecules are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter. • Solid – vibrate in position • Liquid - Molecules will flow or glide over one another, Motion is a bit faster than solid • Gas – Molecules move freely of each other and at a greater speed
Kinetic Molecular Theory # 3 • When the molecules collide with each other, or with the walls of a container, there is no loss of energy – energy is transferred
Increases Kinetic energy of particles increases Volume increases Solid changes to liquid – liquid changes to gas Viscosity increases Malleability increases Decreases Kinetic energy of particles decreases Volume decreases Gas changes to liquid – liquid changes to solid Viscosity decreases Malleability decreases Temperature effect on Physical Properties *directly proportional*
Malleability • To determine if something is malleable – ask the question could it be easily bent or flattened into a sheet • Think about when you first take the play-doh out of the container – Is it easy to work with? • What happens as heat is transferred from your hands? • Is everything malleable? • What are examples of things that would be malleable?
Review • Which would have a greater viscosity – honey or water? • If I decreased the temperature of honey what would happen to the viscosity? If I increased the temperature of honey what would happen to the viscosity? • What does malleable mean? • Give one example of evidence to prove that matter is in constant motion.
BrainPop • States of Matter
Liquid • Fixed volume – takes the shape of the container • Close together, but in a random pattern • Moving faster than a solid, but slower than a gas
Solid • Fixed volume and shape • Packed together in a pattern • Vibrate in position
Gas • No fixed shape or volume – spread out to fill the container • widely spaced out • Move rapidly, frequently colliding with each other and the side of the container
BrainPop Quiz • States of Matter
BrainPop • Phases of Matter
Solid to Liquid • Heat is added – kinetic energy increases and weakens attractive forces between particles • At the melting point the solid melts into a liquid
Liquid to Gas • Heat is added to the liquid – kinetic energy increases and weakens attractive forces between particles • begin to boil when reach the boiling point • temp increases particles move even faster and over come the attractive forces and evaporate forming a gas
Gas to Liquid • Heat is lost from the gas – attractive forces become stronger - kinetic energy decreases • when enough heat is given off the particles condense into a liquid
Liquid to Solid • Heat is lost – kinetic energy decreases and increases attractive forces between particles • At the freezing point the liquid becomes a solid
Sublimation • When a solid changes directly into a gas without melting • EX: smaller ice cubes in the back of the freezer
BrainPop Quiz • Phases of Matter
