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Electricity

Electricity. Electricity. - Physics - Approximately April 28 th to May 16 th. Electricity. Electricity. We will be discussing:. The Energuide Label (2009).

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity Electricity - Physics- Approximately April 28th to May 16th

  2. Electricity Electricity We will be discussing: The Energuide Label (2009). Uploaded by Natural Resources Canada. Available online at: hhttp://198.103.48.133/publications/infosource/pub/appliances/2007/page2.cfm?attr=4 Embedded Hybrid Headphone (2007). Uploaded by Cavalli Audio. Available online at: http://www.cavalliaudio.com/diy/ehha/images/BasicAmpSimpleSchematic.gif Electricity as a Fluid. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by Dr. Dadiv Stern Available online at: http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/welectrc.html

  3. Electricity Electricity Your Experience with Atoms & Elements: Grade 7 – Particle Theory of Matter Grade 6 – Electricity/Circuits Use the textbook to review/learn important vocabulary

  4. Electricity Electricity Bill Nye Electricity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugtHMtc08DM

  5. Models Models Plutarch Model • The “Air Model” • Charged objects heat the air around them • Swirling air pushed nearby objects towards it • Challenges? Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  6. Models Models William Gilbert Model • The “Sticky Hand Model” • Thought a substance called Effluviumcame from the charged object and attached to other objects • Challenges? Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  7. Models Models Ben Franklin Model • The “1-Fluid Model” • All objects contain electric fluid • If an object gainsfluid it becomes positivelycharged • If an object losesfluid it becomes negativelycharged Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  8. Models Models Charles Dufay Model • The “2-Fluid Model” • All objects contain electric fluids • If an object gains or loses one of the fluids (+ or -), it will become charged Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  9. Models Models Particle Model • Everything is made of atoms • Protons, Electrons, Nuetrons • An object becomes negatively charged by gaining electrons • An object becomes positively charged by losing electrons Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  10. Models Models Particle Model • Charges are not createdor destroyed, they are conserved • When two materials come in contact, the valence electrons transfer from one material to the next Previous Models of Static Electricity. (Accessed on 2014). Uploaded by SJSD. Available online at: http://www.sjsd.net/~bhayward/Unit%203%20Electricity/2%20-%20Models%20of%20Static%20electricity%20(3-02,%2004).pdf

  11. Models Models Persuasive Model Ad/Commercial Groups of 3 (boys & girls)

  12. Models Models Understanding of Electricity Intro Page 294 Qs 2, 3, 6, 7, 13

  13. current electricity Current Electricity • An electricity current is the movement of an electric charge • Involves the controlled movement of electrons • For electrons to transfer, a conductor must be used to conduct the charge

  14. current electricity Current Electricity How It Works • A charged objectis brought towards a conductor • A charge separation is created on the conductor • Called polarization • Think of how one side of a battery displays (+) and the other displays (-)

  15. current electricity Current Electricity How It Works (Cont.) • The charge builds up & can be releasedon a conductor in shortbursts • It is not a continuousreleaseof electrons, just enough to keep it going • Once all the charges are released, the current will stop

  16. current electricity Current Electricity Electric Cells • A type of device designed to produce electrical charges longer than what was previously possible with electrostatically-charged objects (ex) Volta cells, dry cells, wet cells

  17. current electricity Current Electricity Volta Cell/Wet Cell • Two different metals were placed in a salt or acid solution • The chemical reaction caused sparks without being recharged

  18. current electricity Current Electricity Volta Cell/Wet Cell • The salt solution contains (+) Sodium Ions & (-) Chlorine Ions • The Copper gives electrons to the (+) Sodium ions • Copper becomes (+)

  19. current electricity Current Electricity Volta Cell/Wet Cell • The Zinc attracts the (-) Chlorine Ions • Zinc becomes (-) • The conducting loop provides a path for the electrons to flow from the Zinc to the Copper

  20. current electricity Current Electricity Dry Cells • Same idea as a wet cell but uses a paste instead of an acid/salt solution • Smaller • Easier to handle/transport

  21. schematics schematics Ways to Represent Circuits • Words • A circuit containing three light bulbs & 3 AA batteries • Picture • Schematic

  22. schematics schematics

  23. current electricity Current Electricity Schematic Diagram Practice - Write & Switch -

  24. current electricity Current Electricity Online PHET Lab

  25. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Current • How many charges (electrons) past by a given point per unit time • The coulomb is the unit used when measuring charge (C) • 6.25 x 1018 electrons

  26. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Current Current = coulomb/second • Also known as an ampere (A) • Commonly called amps

  27. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Current • Therefore, the formula utilized is: I = Q/t • Where: • I = electric current (A) ampere • Q = charge (C) coulomb • t = time (usually seconds)

  28. current electricity Current Electricity Math Breakdown • List the given numbers (which variables do you have) • What variable is the question asking you to find? • Write down your formula • Solve using algebra • Remember units

  29. current electricity Current Electricity Example One • Given: Q = 0.15C t = 1s • Calculate I • What are the units for I?

  30. current electricity Current Electricity Example Two • A flashlight bulb has a label that reads 0.25A. • How many coulombs of charge pass through the bulb in 1 second?

  31. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Potential • Looks at the potential difference between the negative & positive terminals • The coulomb or joule is the unit used when measuring potential • Called Volts

  32. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Potential • A Volt = the energy of each charge • If there is more charges, there is more total energy • Energy = charge x Electrical Potential (volts)

  33. current electricity Current Electricity Measuring Electrical Current • Therefore, the formula utilized is: V = E/Q • Where: • V = electric potential (V) volts • E = energy (J) joules • Q = charge (Q) couloumbs

  34. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three • Given: E = 86J V = 9V • Calculate Q:

  35. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three • How much energy can a toaster produce when it is plugged into a 110V outlet with a total charge of 25C passing through?

  36. current electricity Current Electricity Current, Voltage, Resistance Worksheet

  37. energy Consumption energy consumption

  38. energy Consumption energy consumption • Conductors emit energy in the form of heator light • Due to resistance • The “loss” of energy in the form of heat creates inefficiencies • Bad= light bulbs • Good= stove elements

  39. energy Consumption energy consumption • Power= how much energy is used in a certain amount of time • The formula utilized for energy consumption (aka Power) is: P = I x V • Where: • P= Power (Watts) • I= Current (Amps) • V= Voltage (Volts)

  40. current electricity Current Electricity Example One • How much currentdoes a 1500Whair dryer draw when plugged into an 110Vhousehold plug in? • P = I x V

  41. current electricity Current Electricity Example Two • How much power is consumed by a 17 inch LCD screen that draws 1Aat 110V? • P = I x V

  42. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three Consider the power rating of the following items:Stove: 2000W Vacuum: 800 WTV: 200W Light Bulb: 60W Toaster: 900 W Microwave: 650W CD Player: 25 W • A typical household circuit breaker is designed to allow a maximum of 15Aon a 110 V circuit. • How much power can the circuit handle?

  43. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three (Cont) Consider the power rating of the following items:Stove: 2000W Vacuum: 800 WTV: 200W Light Bulb: 60W Toaster: 900 W Microwave: 650W CD Player: 25 W • A typical household circuit breaker is designed to allow a maximum of 15Aon a 110 V circuit. • Determine if the breaker will trip if the toaster and microwave are both being used on the same circuit.

  44. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three (Cont.) Consider the power rating of the following items:Stove: 2000W Vacuum: 800 WTV: 200W Light Bulb: 60W Toaster: 900 W Microwave: 650W CD Player: 25 W • A typical household circuit breaker is designed to allow a maximum of 15Aon a 110 V circuit. • Determine if the breaker will tripif the vacuum, TV, and microwaveare on.

  45. current electricity Current Electricity Example Three (Cont.) Consider the power rating of the following items:Stove: 2000W Vacuum: 800 WTV: 200W Light Bulb: 60W Toaster: 900 W Microwave: 650W CD Player: 25 W • A typical household circuit breaker is designed to allow a maximum of 15Aon a 110 V circuit. • Can the stove be used on this circuit?

  46. current electricity Current Electricity Example Four • Would a stove that requires 2000W work on a 30A with 220V circuit? • P = I x V

  47. current electricity Current Electricity Example Five • You have a 1500Whair dryer. • How many kilowatts(kW) would the hair dryer use? • 1.5kW • By the end of a 30 day month how many hours will it have been used if it is used for 3 minutes each day? • 90 mins or 1.5 hours • If it costs $0.15 to use 1 kW for an hour. How much would it cost to operate the hair dryer for a month at 3 minutes each day. (Total = cost x kW x hrs)

  48. Understanding Energuide. (2013). Uploaded by the Office of Climate Change. Available online at: http://www.turnbackthetide.ca/at-home/appliances/energuide.shtml#.U3IdU_ldWSo

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