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What Is Ground Water Recharging

Read on to learn more about groundwater recharge, an artificial way to increase groundwater levels.

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What Is Ground Water Recharging

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  1. What Is Ground Water Recharging Objectives & Methods

  2. Definition Groundwater recharge is a process of induced recovery of the ground water reservoir by human activities. It is designed to increase natural recharge or surface water in aquifers through the act of supplementing groundwater levels, resulting in corresponding increases in groundwater levels. Ground water is being used for agricultural & industrial uses as well as for drinking purpose. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater can lead to increased pumping costs, depletion of water in lakes and waterfalls, shortage of drinking water in populated areas, dry wells and other problems. So it is very important for us to take steps to conserve ground water from now on.

  3. Objectives The primary objective of artificial recharge of groundwater is to enhance groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas in the country. Groundwater recharge stores water during the rainy season so that it can be used in the summer. It also plays an essential role in the reduction of soil erosion and flooding. The ground water recharge improves the infiltration and reduces the surface runoff, improve the ground water quality, and increase the ground water availability during summer month. This process increases the amount of ground water by using waste water from residential areas after removing the oil from the waste water by using rapid sand filter in which different types of soil layer is present. Ground water recharge also helps the strain on special village panchayatas, municipals and municipal corporation water supply, improve ground water level and yield. In also increase the level of ground water table in the area where the ground water goes to their critical level.

  4. Methods Artificial groundwater recharge methods can be done by direct and indirect methods. • Direct Methods • Surface Spreading Techniques: In this type of artificial groundwater recharge, numerous techniques are utilized to increase the contact area of surface-water over the soil in order to improve infiltration and increase groundwater storage in phreatic aquifers. Rate of recharging depends upon the permeability of spreaded area and depth of water stored. • Flooding: Flooding technique is very useful in selected areas where a favorable hydrogeological condition exists to recharge the unreserved aquifers by spreading the excess water from canals or streams long enough to recharge the ground water body.

  5. Artificial Recharge Basins: The most popular techniques involve putting water into spreading basins where it can penetrate into the ground. Basins built in sand or gravel aquifers are used to collect surface water that is then allowed to percolate through an unsaturated zone into the unconfined aquifer beneath. They are either dug out or surrounded by levees or dykes. • Bench Terracing: It protect soil erosion and holding runoff water on the terraced area for longer durations, leading to increased infiltration and ground water recharge. • Gully Plugs: Gully plugs are built over small gullies and streams that flow down hills during the rainy season with minor drainage and help conserve soil and moisture.

  6. 2) Indirect Methods • Induced Recharge Method: This method is effective where the stream bed is connected to the aquifer by a sandy formation and it involves the pumping of aquifer hydrologically connected with surface water in case of perennial stream, unlined canal or lakes. Heavy pumping lowers the ground water level and cone of depression form. Lowering of water level induces the surface water to percolate into the ground. Infiltration galleries are other structures used to tap groundwater reservoirs below the river bed level. It is an open structure with horizontal holes or joints surrounded by a deep filter envelope with a shallow water table in the saturated strata and a multi-year recharge source. • Aquifer Modification Techniques: Aquifer is the structure which is porous and permeable to store and transmit water under the ground. Aquifer modification techniques modify the aquifer characteristics to increase its capacity to store and transmit water. Through hydro-geological investigation, suitable sites are fixed where the aquifer displays limited yield that dries in winter or summer months. This process involves applying hydraulic pressure to a discrete zone of the borehole to induce fracture initiation and propagation and to propagate existing fractures. The high-pressure of the water breaks the pores, coagulation leading to a better contact with the adjacent water-bearing layer.

  7. Conclusion Up to 30% of fresh water resources are found in groundwater, yet some major aquifers are at risk. In order to make a significant impact in the future, it is imperative that we make efforts to conserve our ecosystems today so that we have enough groundwater for our next generation. Contact us for all types of artificial groundwater recharging services.

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