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Chapter 12, part 1

Chapter 12, part 1. Neural tissue. Learning Objectives. Describe the two major divisions of the nervous system and their characteristics. Identify the structures/functions of a typical neuron. Describe the location and function of neuroglia.

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Chapter 12, part 1

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  1. Chapter 12, part 1 Neural tissue

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe the two major divisions of the nervous system and their characteristics. • Identify the structures/functions of a typical neuron. • Describe the location and function of neuroglia. • Explain how resting potential is created and maintained. • Describe the events in the generation and propagation of an action potential.

  3. Learning Objectives • Define the structure/function of a synapse. • List the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. • Explain the processing of information in neural tissue.

  4. SECTION 12-1An Overview of the Nervous System

  5. nervous system overview • Nervous system • Provides swift, brief responses to stimuli • Endocrine system • Adjusts metabolic operations and directs long-term changes • Nervous system includes • All the neural tissue of the body • Basic unit = neuron

  6. Divisions of the Nervous system • CNS (Central Nervous system) • Brain and spinal cord • PNS (Peripheral Nervous system) • Neural tissue outside CNS • Afferent division brings sensory information from receptors • Efferent division carries motor commands to effectors • Efferent division includes somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

  7. Figure 12.1 Functional Overview of the Nervous System Figure 12.1

  8. SECTION 12-2Neurons

  9. Neuron structure • Perikaryon • Neurofilaments, neurotubules, neurofibrils • Axon hillock • Soma • Axon • Collaterals with telodendria

  10. Figure 12.2 The Anatomy of a Multipolar Neuron Figure 12.2b

  11. Synapse • Site of intercellular communication • Neurotransmitters released from synaptic knob of presynaptic neuron

  12. Figure 12.3 The Structure of a Typical Synpase Figure 12.3

  13. Neuron classification • Anatomical • Anaxonic • Unipolar • Bipolar • Multipolar

  14. Figure 12.4 A Structural Classification of Neurons Figure 12.4

  15. Functional • Sensory neurons • deliver information from exteroceptors, interoceptors, or proprioceptors • Motor neurons • Form the efferent division of the PNS • Interneurons (association neurons) • Located entirely within the CNS • Distribute sensory input and coordinate motor output

  16. Figure 12.5 A Functional Classification of Neurons Figure 12.5

  17. SECTION 12-3Neuroglia

  18. Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System • Four types of neuroglia in the CNS • Ependymal cells • Related to cerebrospinal fluid • Astrocytes • Largest and most numerous • Oligodendrocytes • Myelination of CNS axons • Microglia • Phagocytic cells

  19. Figure 12.6 An Introduction to Neuroglia Figure 12.6

  20. Figure 12.7 Neuroglia in the CNS Figure 12.7a

  21. Figure 12.7 Neuroglia in the CNS Figure 12.7b

  22. Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System • Two types of neuroglia in the PNS • Satellite cells • Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia • Schwann cells • Ensheath axons in the PNS PLAY Animation: Nervous system anatomy review

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