• 150 likes • 320 Views
Introduction to Learning. Chapter 1 – Powell et al. Introduction to Learning. I. What is learning? A definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. A. Behavior? 1. Unlearned 2. Learned B. Relatively permanent?. Introduction to Learning.
E N D
Introduction to Learning Chapter 1 – Powell et al.
Introduction to Learning I. What is learning? A definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. A. Behavior? 1. Unlearned 2. Learned B. Relatively permanent?
Introduction to Learning II. Types of learning A. Classical conditioning – reflexive behavior B. Operant conditioning – consequences of behavior. C. Observational learning
Introduction to Learning III. Associative learning A. Nature or Nurture 1. Nativism 2. Empiricism
Introduction to Learning A demonstration: 1. Apple 2. Night 3. Thunder 4. Bread 5. Chair 6. Bat 7. Girl 8. Dentist 9. Quiet 10. Sunset 11. Elephant 12. Blue
Introduction to Learning III. B. Aristotle’s Laws of Association 1. Law of Similarity 2. Law of Contrast 3. Law of Contiguity a. Spatial contiguity b. Temporal contiguity 4. Law of Frequency
Introduction to Learning IV. Early influences A. Rene’ Descartes 1. Reflex 2. Non-human behavior 3. Human behavior a. Mind-body b. Dualism
Introduction to Learning IV. Early influences B. British Empiricist - Experience 1. John Locke 2. Tabula rasa 3. Sensations simple ideas 4. Association complex ideas (e.g., brick) 5. Association duplex ideas (e.g., house) C. Structuralism – Structure of mind 1. Wundt 2. Introspection D. Functionalism – Adaptive processes 1. Darwin 2. James
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism A. John B. Watson 1. First behaviorist 2. Science of behavior 3. Only observable behavior (emulate physics) 4. A little biographical info
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism 1. Methodological behaviorism (Watson) a. S-R learning (molecular) b. Observable behavior only c. Emphasized the environmental influences
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 2. Neobehaviorism (Clark Hull) a. Intervening variables b. Habit strength c. Drives
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 3. Cognitive behaviorism (Tolman) a. Intervening cognitive processes b. Purpose and expectancy c. Molar (not molecular) d. Latent learning 1) Cognitive map 2) Learning vs performance
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 4. Social learning theory (Bandura) 1. Observational learning 2. Reciprocal determinism a. Environmental events b. Observable behaviors c. Internal events
Introduction to Learning V. Behaviorism (continued) B. Types of behaviorism (continued) 5. Radical behaviorism (Skinner) a. Covert behaviors, unlike Watson b. Causes of both in environment c. Molar, but unlike Tolman d. Not extreme empiricist, genetics important (selection parallels) e. EAB f. ABA