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Ideophones in Hindi झिलमिल

Ideophones in Hindi झिलमिल. Vojtěch Diatka Charles Univeristy prague 24.11.2012. Outline. Weird words in Hindi and their current treatment in grammars – jhijhak (coyness, hesitating) My proposal how to treat them with introducing a new linguistic category to Hindi linguistics

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Ideophones in Hindi झिलमिल

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  1. Ideophones in Hindiझिलमिल VojtěchDiatka Charles Univeristyprague 24.11.2012

  2. Outline • Weird words in Hindi and their current treatment in grammars – jhijhak (coyness, hesitating) • My proposal how to treat them with introducing a new linguistic category to Hindi linguistics • Concise survey of these weird words • Future research

  3. „Weird“ words subsumed under Onomatopoeia • It contains typical onomatopoeic words • budbudānā – to mumble, to mutter • cahcahānā – to twitter • ṭapṭapānā – to drop • BUT it contains also weird words • mahmah – with fragrance • cupcāp – quitely • ṭakṭakī –stare, gaze • In Smékal‘s study on reduplication appears one • category - Onomatopoeic reduplication Smékal 1979

  4. Hindi grammarians on „weird“ words Treatment Grammarians „Simultaneously, it has to be born in mind that not all the actions described by onomatopoeic words have to be connected with sounds and in this sense are not pure ono words, as we know Smékal (1979:6) them from elsewhere. This is a special way of expression typical for more Indian languages where various states and feelings are conveyed by the quasi onomatopoeia.“ • Complete omission of onomatopoeia Agnihotri(2007), Pořízka(1972) • Brief mention of onomatopoeic wordsKachru(2006:122), Shukla(2001:148-150) • and Montaut (2004:160)

  5. What are these words? • They do not imitate sound • They are though subsumed under onomatopeia • They are in some respects similar to onotopoeic words

  6. Glimmer(ing) Glitter(ing) Twinkling Shimmer(ing) Flicker(ing) Blazing झिलमिल jhilmil (Starry Night Over the Rhone – V.Gogh) „poetry in ordinary language“ (Lautmalerei) EVANS-PRITCHARD E. E. (1962)

  7. The best crosslinguistic definition • They stand out from other words: • reduplication • budbudānā – to bubble, thartharānā – to tremble, to shiver • expressive(marked,subjective element)semantics • cipcipā - sticky, clinging, slimy or greasy • perceptuallyeXcEpTiOnAl Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery (DINGEMANSE 2011)

  8. The best crosslinguistic definition • They depict rather than describe • He said he was coming. X He said: „I am coming.“ • The crucial feature [of ideophones], then, is not “resemblance to” but “invitation to seeing as”(DINGEMANSE 2011:184) Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery

  9. The best crosslinguistic definition • They represent not only sensations of outer world • Hearing, vision, touch, taste and smell • but also interoceptive experiences • States of mind, subject evaluations, feelings… • hakkā-bakkā – confused, perplexed • Gudgud - soft, pulpy • cakācaudh - glitter Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery

  10. Summary Perceptually exceptional Depict rather than describe Intercoeptive experience Sensation of outer world Reduplication

  11. It is not meant to be exhaustive list • First survey of ideophones in Hindi • representatives of major word classes – verbs, nouns, adjectives 1.Onomatopoia 2.Other traditional senses 3.Manners of movement 4.Interoceptive experience Semantic domains associated with ideophones in Hindi

  12. Core member of category Ideophones • Words imitating sounds 1.Onomatopoia 2.Other traditional senses 3.Manners of movement 4.Interoceptive experience • kaṭkaṭānā – to click, to crack (V) • susakār – hissing (N) • gungunā – mumbling (A) • surasurānā - to move like rustling insect (V) • pharpharáná – to flutter (as a flag) (V)

  13. Words connected with another human senses - vision, touch, taste and smell • Not “resemblance to” but “invitation to seeing as” • Not equally distrubuted across all modalities of perception 1.Onomatopoia 2.Other traditional senses 3.Manners of movement 4.Interoceptive experience • jhilmilānā – to glitter, to shine (V) • gudgudāhaṭ – tickling (N) • ṭimṭimā – blazing, glittering (A) • phusphusā – soft, tender (A) • mahmah – with fragrance (I)

  14. This category is usually widespread across ideophonic languages (JUNOD 1896:196) • Could be subumed under vision 1.Onomatopoia 2.Other traditional senses 3.Manners of movement 4.Interoceptive experience • laplapānā – to spring, to flicker (V) • laṛkhaṛāhaṭ– stumbling (N) • chaṭpaṭā - wriggling (A) • thapthapānā – to pat with love (V) • tilmilānā – to convulse in pain (V)

  15. Not only we have extero-receptors, but also intero-receptors and proprio-receptors 1.Onomatopoia 2.Other traditional senses 3.Manners of movement 4.Interoceptive experience • jhijhaknā – to hesitate (V) • hakkābakkā - confused (A) • thiṭhak - stiffen (I) • gadgad – very happy (I) • gumsum – thoughtful (I)

  16. Future research I • Ideophonic meaning is usually inherently vague • It is impossible to capture meaning of unit in isolation • chaṭpaṭānā – to wriggle / to be restless/ to yearn, to long • cipcipā – sticky / adhesive / clinging / slimy, greasy

  17. Future research II • Ideophones are usually understood as a separate category of words (KILIAN-HATZ 2006:510, DINGEMANSE 2011:133) • Semantically and functionally – one unique category • Syntactically – two categories • genuine ideophones • Integrated ideophones

  18. Future research II • Genuineideophones • caṭ-paṭcapātī - quickly made bread (literally fast bread) • caṭ-paṭpatācalegā–it will soon be discovered (it is adverb) • Integratedideophones (1) phusphusā - fragile, brittle, soft, tender (A) (2) laṛkhaṛāhaṭ - stumbling, staggering (N) (3) thapthapānā - to pat with affection (V)

  19. References • DINGEMANSE, M. 2011. Ideophones and the aesthetics of everyday language in a West-African society. The Senses & Society, 6(1), 77-85. • DINGEMANSE, M. 2011. The Meaning and Use of Ideophones in Siwu. PhD Thesis. RadboundUniveristy Nijmegen. • SMÉKAL, ODOLEN. 1979. The Reduplicative Formations and Semantic Pairs in Hindi. In Asian and African Linguistic Studies, StudiaOrientaliaPragensia IX, UniverzitaKarlova. • AGNIHOTRI, RAMA, KANT. 2007. Hindi - An essential grammar. Routledge. • KACHRU, YAMUNA. 2006. Hindi. In London Oriental and African language library, Volume 12, John BenjaminsBublishing. • MONTAUT, ANNIE. 2004. A grammar of Hindi. LincomEuropa. • POŘÍZKA, VINCENT. 1972. Hindština(Hindí language course). Praha: Státnípedagogickénakladatelství. • SHUKLA, SHALINGRAM. 2001. Hindi Morphology.LincomEuropa. • JUNOD, HENRI A. 1896. GrammaireRonga. Lausanne: ImprimerieGeorgesBridel & Cie. • KILIAN-HATZ,CHRISTINE. 2006. Ideophones. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ed. Keith Brown, 508-512. Oxford: Elsevier. • Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1962. “Ideophones in Zande.” Sudan Notes andRecords34: 143-146. Biblio k poetry in languat

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