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Arc h

Arc h. Veronica Farhat 10-11229 Rafael Osorio 10-10518. Content Table. Basic Concept of Arch History of the Arch Construction process Materials Positive part Negative part Conclusion References. About the Arch: The Arch is a crucial structure in Architecture, why is it ?

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Arc h

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  1. Arch Veronica Farhat 10-11229 Rafael Osorio 10-10518

  2. Content Table • Basic Concept of Arch • History of the Arch • Construction process • Materials • Positive part • Negative part • Conclusion • References

  3. About the Arch: The Arch is a crucial structure in Architecture, why is it? Arches are designed to resist heavy loads of weight, because of their form the forces are divided and redirected, transforming all tension in to compression. This is thanks to the open space under the arch; and the compression stresses eliminate each other in either sides. Arch main parts Keystone Voussoir 4. Springer.

  4. History The first arch appearance is natural arches like the one of the picture. The Arch as a human made structure date to ancient civilizations like the Mesopotamian, Phoenician, Egyptian, Hebrew and Greece; also recent archeological discover show arches under Mexico ruins. In this ancient civilizations the arch was used in underground tunnels or passages.

  5. Roman Arch The Romans took the early arch from the Greece empire but they develop it more, passing it from a supporting structure to the principal structure in their architecture. But not conform with their doing the Romans develop further more the arch in other structures like the vault and dome.

  6. Up Right: Different types of roman vault. Up Left: Hadrian Arch, Jerash, Jordan. Vault structure. Left: The Pantheon, use vaults in the entry and the building ceiling is a dome.

  7. Arch Rediscovered Since the fall of the western roman empire until the Renaissance, this important structure in the near past came back to life. An clear example is the use of arches in the buttress or doorways in Gothic Architecture.

  8. XIX & XX century arches In modern times the arch had pass from old materials like stone, concrete or bricks to cast iron or steel. This is mainly because of their resistance of compression and flexible nature during the construction process of steel itself. Also there are reinforced concrete arches.

  9. Construction Process The side columns or walls are erected. A frame is made with an arch form, usually it is made of wood. The stones or bricks are lay over the frame structure. Concrete is used between bricks to join then and secure their position. The finale brick is laid in the apex (highest part) The frame is removed. Is this process was correctly made, the arch will support itself

  10. Arch material • Ceramic Bricks or Stone with brick form • Usually concrete or any other kind of mortar • Wood frame • With Reinforced concrete: • Steel beam • Concrete • Frame made out of wood • In the case of Steel Arches the • common material (mainly • unique) is steel.

  11. Different ArchUses Both images are diagrams of Santa Sofia in Istanbul, Turkey, a Roman Christian Cathedral and later Muslim Mosque. In these diagrams we can see the different uses of arches all around a same structure.

  12. Positive • The arch is a cheap structure thanks to its low quantity of material use. • Arches are conceive to resist heavy loads of weight. • They are a esthetic and artistic structure.

  13. Negative • Arches during their building process are extremely fragile, if it is not built in a correctly the arch will collapse after his frame is removed. • Arches itself are fragile to no-compression stress, if any other significant force is applied to the structure this will collapse in no time. • Arch has a long construction process, and need regular maintenance check

  14. Conclusion “They are as strong as their weakest part” The arch is a long-lived structure with proper maintenance. Is cheap and easy in contrast to the time it takes to be made. They can support heavy load of weight but it has it own limits; if they have to support to much weight, it doesn't matter how perfect the arch is, it will end collapsing.

  15. Bibliography and References(---) (---) Larousse, EnciclopediaPrimariaEsencial. Spes Editorial. Barcelona, Spain.Matos, Gabino y Sanchez, Vicenta (2005). Educacionartistica. Editorial Santillana. Caracas, VenezuelaDigitalLa Maquina de hacertareas II. Arte universal. El Nacional.

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