“ A Change is Gonna ’ Come, ” Sam Cooke, 1963

1. “A Change is Gonna’ Come,” Sam Cooke, 1963 I was born by the river in a little tent Oh and just like the river I've been running ever since It's been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will It's been too hard living but I'm afraid to die Cause I don't know what's up there beyond the sky It's been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will I go to the movie and I go downtown Somebody keep telling me don't hang around It's been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will Then I go to my brother And I say brother help me please But he winds up knocking me Back down on my knees Ohhhhhhhhh..... There been times that I thought I couldn't last for long But now I think I'm able to carry on It's been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will

2. AFRICAN AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: Non-Violent

3. Learning Targets • Evaluate the need for a Civil Rights Movement • Describe the non-violent actions of the Civil Rights Movement • Summarize the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement

4. NEED FOR CHANGE

5. 1880s: Jim Crow Laws • In response to Civil War Amendments • Separate but equal is legal

6. WWI and WWII • Segregation in the military WWI Harlem Hell Fighters WWII Tuskegee Airmen

7. 1950s: Conditions in the South • Separate schools (images next slide) • Unequal treatment • Voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation) • Violence (lynchings, KKK, i.e. Emmet Till)

8. “Separate but Equal” Schools? Vs. African American School White School Photographs used in the Brown Vs. Board of Education case

9. White Board Moment • Summarize in 5 words or less why there was a need for a civil rights movement.

10. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

11. 1954: Brown Vs. Board of Education • Ruled that separate schools are NOT equal • Many Southern states refused to integrate (i.e. Little Rock) "I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." Governor of Alabama George Wallace, Inaugural address, Jan. 14, 1963

12. 1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat • NAACP and MLK, Jr. organized • Successful after one year Rosa Park’s Arrest MLK, Jr.

13. 1960: Sit-Ins • Blacks refused to leave “whites only” Woolworths counter • Non-violent method spreads Original “sit-in” in Greensboro Idea spreads across the South

14. Whiteboard Moment Civil Disobedience: Sit Ins • Review the instructions for the Sit-Ins. • Which of these would be the most difficult to follow?

15. 1961: Freedom Rides • Sponsored by C.O.R.E. (Congress for Racial Equality) •  Tested Supreme Court decision •  Blacks and whites rode buses together

16. 1963: March on Washington • Demonstration to support Civil Rights bill • Martin Luther King Jr. “I Have a Dream”

17. 1964: Voting Rights Drive • “Freedom Summer” organized by students • Helped blacks to register to vote

18. White Board Moment • In one word, describe the civil rights movement. • In one word, describe the reaction by some white southerners to the civil rights movement.

19. ACCOMPLISHMENTS

20. 1964: Civil Rights Act • Outlawed discrimination in hiring • Ended segregation in public places MLK planning the march to support the act LBJ signing the act

21. 1964: 24th Amendment • Banned poll taxes

22. 1965: Voting Rights Act • Ended literacy tests

23. White Board Moment • What do you think was the most important accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? Why?

24. Reflection After reading the primary sources, answer the following in your notebook: • Summarize the method of civil disobedience. • What was the purpose of using civil disobedience in protest? • How effective do you think civil disobedience was in the Civil Rights Movement?