Decision Making Substance Use & Abuse

1. Decision MakingSubstance Use & Abuse

2. More Recent Changes: • http://www.cbc.ca/player/News/Canada/Toronto/Audio/ID/2423800653/

3. Understanding Addictions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxEHdbn16aQ

4. Substance Use & Abuse A drug is any substance other than food, which is taken to change the way the body or the mind works. • Ex. Drugs, alcohol, vitamins, coffee Drug Use is ingesting, inhaling, absorbing or injecting any drug in order to change the way you think, act or feel, without interfering with one’s daily activities Drug Abuse occurs when the use of a drug, results in a problem in one or more of the following areas; school, work, family, friends

6. Why Use Them Then? This is a safe space so please feel free to share your thoughts.

7. Drug Use Continuum

8. Discussion • Do you think some drugs should be legal? • Have you ever tried illegal drugs? • If so, how has it affected your decision making? • Is there such thing as a gateway drug?

9. Classification of Drugs

10. What is the harm in SMOKING?

11. Smoking: Tobacco Abuse FYI: Tobacco causes four times as many deaths in Canada each year than motor vehicle collisions, suicides, homicides, and AIDS combined. First-Hand Smoke: • The products from the cigarette that the smoker directly receives through inhalation. • Cigarettes produce approximately 12 minutes of smoke, yet the smoker might only inhale 30 seconds, the remaining lingers in the air for others to inhale. Second-Hand Smoke: • Inhaled by the smoker AND those around the smoker (smoke burning from a cigarette/ cigar/ pipe; Smoke exhaled by a smoker) • Contains more than 4000 cancer causing chemicals

12. Smoking Cont’d: Third-Hand Smoke: • The tobacco residue (contains the same 4000 cancer causing chemicals as second-hand smoke) • Smoke contamination remains on clothing, furniture, and in vehicles, after the cigarette is extinguished and second-hand smoke has cleared from the air. Stats: • In 2008,18% of Canadians, 15 years or older, were smokers. • More men smoke than women. • Smoking rates for youth (15-19) remains steady with 15% smoking in 2008. Source: Canadian Cancer Society

13. AsapSCIENCE Videos: • Your Brain on Marijuana: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN9org&list=PLvsCOJJKcWZXqPu5iobjNU3dkwaHYv4iq&index=7 • Your Brain on Alcohol: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo&list=PLvsCOJJKcWZXqPu5iobjNU3dkwaHYv4iq

14. Commonly Heard of Drugs

18. What about Performance Enhancing Drugs? • Why would people choose to take them? • Regarded in four classes: androstenedione (andro), creatine, anabolic steroids, and ephedra alkaloids • Creatine: An over-the-counter supplement known for improving performance in sports involving short bursts of high intensity activity – or to “bulk up”. • How it works: The “bulking up” is from your muscles drawing water away from the rest of your body; therefore, you have not increased muscle mass, you have increased the water stored. • Side effects include: stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and muscle cramps. High doses may be associated with kidney, liver or heart problems. • Please note: Side effects for the other 3 classes are even more severe.

20. Alcohol – Binge Drinking • Alcohol is a psychoactive drug. It affects your senses, thoughts, emotions and behaviour. In Canada, the most commonly used drug is alcohol. • A standard drink contains 13.6 g of alcohol. Standard drinks are: • 355 ml (12 ounce) can of 5% beer • 146 ml (5 ounce) glass of 10% to 12% wine • 44 ml (1.5 ounce) of 40% hard liquor • Binge drinking is a term that refers to the consumption of 4-5 alcoholic drinks.

21. Alcohol Cont’d • It can lead to liver, brain and nerve damage as well as alcohol addiction. • It is linked to alcohol poisoning, violent and non-violent injuries, and aggression. • It takes about 90 minutes for your body to absorb and eliminate one standard drink. • The exact time depends on factors such as: • how much you weigh; • whether you are male or female; • the strength of your drinks; • how old you are; • your drinking history

22. Males vs Females • If a male and female drink the same amount, the female will be more affected by the alcohol even if they have a similar build and body weight. • On average, women weigh less than men and have less water in their bodies, so alcohol is less diluted and has a stronger impact. • Developing a tolerance for more alcohol over time is a sign of alcohol dependence. • If mixed with alcohol, certain antibiotics can cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.

24. Blood Alcohol Content • Your blood alcohol content or BAC is the percent of alcohol in your blood. • Your BAC increases when your body absorbs alcohol faster than it can eliminate it. • If you eat before or while you drink, you will not get as drunk as a person who drinks on an empty stomach. The food causes the alcohol to stay in your stomach longer where it is absorbed more slowly. • Caffeine and other substances found in energy drinks won’t sober you up because they don’t reduce the amount of alcohol in your body or the time it takes you to process it. The only thing that will make you sober is time. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXjANz9r5F0

25. Alcohol Poisoning • You may be suffering from alcohol poisoning if you: • have bluish, cold or clammy skin; • vomit without waking up; • don’t respond when someone pinches you; • breathe less than 8 times a minute. • If you fall asleep or pass out, your body continues to absorb the alcohol you drank up to that point. • When you drink, the alcohol spreads quickly and evenly throughout your body fluids and tissues. What do YOU do if your friend has too much to drink? What should you do?

26. Alcohol & Injury • In Canada, the highest rate of impaired-driving deaths occurs at age 19. • In Canada, impaired driving is the most common criminal offence. • A Canadian study of snowmobile drinking and driving deaths found that 70% of deaths were a result of either a collision with an object or a snowmobile falling through ice. • Passengers who drink on a boat are more likely to fall overboard or drown than sober passengers. This is true even if the operator has not been drinking and the boat is not moving.

27. Host Liability Your Party, Your Problem • When you host a party, you want it to be a good time; however, when alcohol is involved, “good times” can sometimes go too far - the actions of an intoxicated guest can lead to death or injury. • You can be held responsible, whether you're a private citizen, an employer, or the owner of a commercial establishment. • You can be sued - and sued big - even if you didn't actually serve a drop of liquor.

28. What You Can Do Plan Your Party • Plan to provide food throughout the party. A guest who has been eating may not become as intoxicated; • Do not make drinking the focus of the party;  • Do not combine alcohol and dangerous activities, such as boating, swimming, skiing and snowmobiling; • Smaller parties are easier to manage. Large parties and open houses require more planning and supervision; • Arrange transportation ahead of time for those who will be drinking; • Check the physical condition of the premises for hazards that could endanger the safety of your guest; • Serve alcohol sensibly

29. In The End … • Make smart choices … be responsible! • Always be with someone you trust • Have a person you know you can call if you get in a tough spot (parent, older sibling, etc.) • Never drive under ANY influence • Never mix … or trust a stranger • Make up YOUR OWN mind - be a leader!