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Object and Event Recognition in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Object and Event Recognition in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Clint Mueller CS441. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN).

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Object and Event Recognition in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

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  1. Object and Event Recognition in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Clint Mueller CS441

  2. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) • Network of wirelessly interconnected sensor nodes equipped with multimedia devices (cameras and microphones) capable to retrieve video and audio streams, still images, as well as scalar sensor data.

  3. Uses • Military • Law-Enforcement reports • Traffic Control • Advanced health care delivery • Industrial Process Control • Automated assistance to elderly telemedicine • Autonomous processing vehicles (cars, robots, etc.)

  4. Challenges • High bandwidth • Real time delivery • Jitter and frame loss rate • Object Recognition Techniques • Reduce information sent to sink node • Nodes besides scalar nodes • Multimedia sensors • Processing hubs • Storage hubs

  5. Network Architecture • Divided into three reference models • Single-tier flat architecture • Single-tier clustered • Multi-tier architecture

  6. Single-tier flat architecture • Homogeneous sensor nodes • All have same capabilities and functionalities • Multimedia processing is distributed among all the nodes, and prolongs network life time

  7. Single-tier clustered architecture • Heterogeneous sensors • Each cluster relay data to cluster head • Cluster head performs the data processing • Cluster head is connected to sink node or gateway

  8. Multi-tier architecture • Heterogeneous sensors • First tier deployed with scalar sensors perform motion detection • Second tier perform object detection or object recognition • Third tier perform object tracking, connected to sink node or gateway • Each tier may have central hub to perform data processing and communicate with higher tier

  9. Physical Layer • Ultra-Wide band (UWB) • Data rate up to 250 Mbps and range of 10 meters • Immunity to multipath propagation and precise positioning • Enable low power consumption • High data-rate or short range communication

  10. MAC Layer • Multi-channel MAC protocols which can effectively utilize the available channel capacity • QoS based protocols • COM-MAC • On-demand multi-channel contention-free • Better support for high data rates

  11. MAC Protocals Grey rows indicate that the MAC protocol is designed for WSNs but not specifically for WMSNs.

  12. Routing Layer • Multipath routing because network needs to use all of its bandwidth • Ant-based Service-aware (ASAR) • Addresses the routing scheme between the cluster head and sink node in which a cluster head transfers the different classes of data • Two-Phase Greedy Forwarding (TFGF) • Geographic • Supports multipath transmission by repeatedly executing the algorithm to find more on-demand node-disjoint routing paths

  13. Routing Protocols

  14. Transport Layer • Features of WMSN • Traffic: continues, event driven, query driven, hybrid • QoS: reliability, real-time delivery, fairness • High redundancy: reliability against packet loss • Queue based Congestion Control Protocol with Priority Support (QCCP-PS) • Deal with congestion • Based on hop-by-hop approach

  15. Transport Protocols

  16. Application Layer • Multimedia processing and source coding techniques • Effective communication with other application programs • Traffic management and admission control • Applications: • Predictive Video Coding (PVC) • Multiple Descritption Coding (MDC)

  17. Coverage • Multimedia sensors do not have omni-directional coverage • Snapshot • Automated calibration protocol • Calabrates the location, orientation, and range of camera sensor • Knowing overlapping areas between cameras allows exploiting the redundancy and can be used to track moving objects in the environment

  18. Object Recognition • Edge Detection • Edges: boundary between two dissimilar regions in an image • Address Event Representation (AER) • Extracts and outputs only a few features of interest from the scene • Only pixels which realize a difference in light intensity generate the events

  19. Object Recognition Original, Edge Detection, and AER

  20. Conclusion • Do not stream the video but focus on tracking different events • WSN protocols cannot be used in WMSN since WMSN has more constraints • Object recognition is import in order to reduce the amount of data sent • Coding techniques are used to reduce the redundancies in frames

  21. References • Image Recognition Traffic Patterns for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks – RueknZilan, Jose M. Barcelo-Ordinas and BulentTavli; web http://www.academia.edu/4186077/Image_Recognition_Traffic_Patterns_for_Wireless_Multimedia_Sensor_Networks • Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Directions – Islam Almalkawi, Manel Zapata, Jamal Al-Karaki and Julian Morillo-Pozo; web http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231118/

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