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Lepidium latifolium A.K.A.

Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall Whitetop Whitetop Ect., ect., ect. Characteristics:. Perennial herb Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

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Lepidium latifolium A.K.A.

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  1. LepidiumlatifoliumA.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall Whitetop Whitetop Ect., ect., ect.

  2. Characteristics: • Perennial herb • Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) • Related to broccoli, beets, cabbage, canola, and other crops • Erect, up to 6 feet tall • Roots up to 10 feet long! • Distinguish rosettes from natives with long stemmed leaves (natives are sessile)

  3. Native Range (uncommon)

  4. North American Distribution (very common)

  5. Where is it? Native to SE Europe & SW Asia, uncommon Arrived with beet seed from Europe before 1840 17 million acres in West 20,000 acres of the Truckee river Primarily a riparian species But, is now found in drier rangelands Is it adapting more?

  6. Why are they doing so well? Characteristics Competition Gets to the water table faster than natives Survives flooding Survives trampling Sucks up Ca+ salts and leaves it on top of soil Cattle and deer avoid it • Extremely long straight taproots • Can tolerate saturated soil for long periods • Sprouts from root fragments (like a potato) • Alters soil characteristics • Tastes really BAD

  7. How it is changing our landscape. Displacing native vegetation Bad forage Take up a lot of water Increasing stream incision Creates light impermeable layer of duff

  8. How does it fit our 10 hypothesis? Competition hypothesis: Escape from enemy constraints: Maybe… Biocontrols are under study Not sure if bugs are limiting Don’t care • Definitely! • Takes over riparian areas • Shades out neighbors • Reaches water table better

  9. How does it fit our 10 hypothesis? Variable Resource Availability: Disturbance and Land use: Riparian areas frequently flood And frequently damaged by livestock • Ruderal species • Grows tall fast • High density + long root = lowers water table below what natives are used to

  10. Methods of Control and other Theories Submerging for a very long time (2years?) Mow and spray with white leaf rust (fungus) Mite from Turkey Leaf hopper from Elko Stem boring maggots

  11. Goats !! Can be trained to selectively eat perennial Pepperweed

  12. Sources Cited: • http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LELA2 • http://www.unce.unr.edu/programs/sites/tallwhitetop/ • http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/leplat/habitat.jpg • http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/lela1.htm • http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=996&fr=1&sts=&lang=EN • http://www.weedid.wisc.edu/idpics/sized_650/lepidium_latifolium4_650.jpg • http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Lepidium-latifolium.htm • Brain Rector, Elizabeth Leger, and of course….Robert Nowak & Erin Georgen

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