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Physics of Atomic Nuclei

Physics of Atomic Nuclei. MoNA: Modular Neutron Array

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Physics of Atomic Nuclei

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  1. Physics of Atomic Nuclei MoNA: Modular Neutron Array The MoNA detector is used to detect both neutrons and cosmic rays. Neutrons are difficult to detect because they have no charge associated with them and thus do not produce photons as they move through the scintillating bars. However, the neutrons impact the protons in the material which in turn cause scintillations as the protons move through the material. . MoNA is made up of 144 bars of scintillating material that emit photons when hit by a high energy particle. The photon is then converted to electricity by a photomultiplier tube. The signal can then be read by a oscilloscope or another device. Cyclotron Dee (Interior) MoNA Detector TBD-2011 Christine Novak: Lansing Everett HS, MI Daniel Kaplan: Matawan Regional HS, NJ Julie Hart: YaleSecondary, BC Marites Tapalla: Glen Oaks High School , LA Cyclotron Facility Oscilliscope readout: The yellow and blue signals each refer to a different end of the MoNA bar Spectcl Readout: Top Left: Time difference Top Right: Energy difference Bottom Left: Energy difference/Total Energy (Center of Gravity) Bottom Right: Energy Difference vs Time Difference Experiment Three: In the third experiment, we used MoNA to analyze cosmic rays. We looked at the number of cosmic rays that came through MoNA at various angles. We expected out values to compare to cos2Θ. We observed that the actual angular dependence fell off more rapidly than the modeled effect. We also measured the muon velocity by first selecting those muons that had angles of incidence between -10̊ and +10̊. We then observed the time delay between the top and bottom bar. The distance divided by this time gave us a speed very close to the speed of light. Experiment One: The goal of the first experiment was to use Mona and oscilloscopes to find the position of a hidden radiation source. To do this we collected data of the time difference between the left and right photomultiplier tubes . We compared this to the known positions, creating a position vs time graph. We then used the graph and the recorded time difference to find the position of the known. Experiment Two: The goal of the second experiment was similar to the first, except instead of using oscilloscopes, we used a computer program called Spectcl. This allowed us to get much more accurate data and a larger quantity of data. Again we compared the difference in the time and used this to create a time vs position plot, only this time, more accurate.

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