Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students)

1. Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students) Kenneth Lim slblekk@nus.edu.sg 30 & 31 Jul 2013 With acknowledgements to NUS Libraries EndNote Team

2. Outline • Using the Library • Overview of Search Strategies • Information Sources & Evaluation • Citations & Plagiarism • Bibliographic Software & Introduction to EndNote • Guides, Tools and Tips

3. NUS Libraries Portal (http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg)

4. Loan Entitlement for Undergraduates • 20 items 14 days 3 renewals How do I Borrow a Book? FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=79581 http://www.battenkillbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/stack_of_books21.jpg

5. Literature Search Cycle http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=165681&sid=1733290

6. Types of Database Searches • Keyword / Phrase Searche.g. Using “horseshoe crab” in Web of Science /Google • Field Search e.g. Using Raffles Bulletin of Zoology in the Publication Name field in Zoological Record • Subject Heading / Thesaurus Search e.g. Using neoplasms (instead of cancer) as aMeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in PubMed

7. Boolean Connectors • OR- eitherof the terms may be present. Used for broadening a searche.g. roundworms OR nematodes • AND - both terms must be present. Used for narrowing a search.e.g. parasites AND intestine • NOT - eliminate an unwanted concept or worde.g. parasites NOT flatworms • ( ) –grouping words or phrases and specifying the order in which Boolean operations occur when multiple operations are present • e.g. (A OR B)AND C A OR(B AND C)

8. Exact vs. Wildcard Search • “ ’’- searches the exact phrase enclosed within the quotes e.g. “avian influenza” • * - represent any group of characters or no characters (useful for representing various forms of a term)e.g. biol* - for biology, biological,biologist, biologists • ? - represent any single character (useful for singular/plural forms)e.g. cat?  - for cat, cats • $ - represent one character or no characterse.g. behavio$r , colo$r , vapo$r (useful for finding both British & American spellings)

9. Types of Information Sources Current Dated

10. Recommended Online Resources

11. Guidelines for Evaluation of Resources

12. Production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Source: http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/06/st_processcrab/?pid=5836&viewall=true

13. Alternative: recombinant Factor-C (r-FC) http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-1-400x300.jpg http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-2-400x300.jpg

14. Research Topics Topic 1: Population studies of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Topic 2: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Image Source: http://animals.m-y-d-s.com/aquatic/horseshoe_crab/

15. BIOSIS Previews Demo

16. Construction of Search Statement • Step 1: Identify concepts/keywords • Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC)as tests for airborne endotoxins • Step 2: Generate synonyms, alternate terms, abbreviations • airborne: air, aerial, dust, aerosol endotoxin: pyrogen, lippopolysaccharide, LPS • Step 3: Construct search statement (initial search) • (endotoxin*AND(air* OR dust*))AND("limulus amebocyte lysate"OR"recombinant factor c")

17. “Good artists copy, great artists steal” - Steve Jobs (1994) “…competitors should create their own original technology, not steal ours.” - Steve Jobs (2010) http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/03/02Apple-Sues-HTC-for-Patent-Infringement.html

18. Plagiarism • What is Plagiarism? • A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and presented as being your own work. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th Ed.) • The act of taking someone’s words or ideas as if they were your own. • Avoiding Plagiarism • CIT Preventing Plagiarism site http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism-prevention/ • Proper citation of information sources • turnitin software

19. Citations & Bibliography • Two places to cite the references you have used: • within a sentence (in-text citation) • at the end of the document (bibliography/references)

20. Why cite? • To acknowledge the contributor(s) of ideas used in writings • To lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources • To help readers verify your claims • To show research done

21. It’s Break Time!

22. Bibliographic Management Software

23. EndNote Online Guide http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

24. Introduction to EndNote • A software that: • stores and organises references from many sources • inserts these references into a Word document, and • automatically formats your references according to a predefined citation style

25. EndNote vs EndNote Web 25,000

26. EndNote Workflow

27. Installing EndNote for PC http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote For installation issues, contact NUS IT Care Tel: 6516-2080, Email: itcare@nus.edu.sg

28. Installing EndNote for Mac Email software administrator for instructions

29. The EndNote Library • Contains all your references. No limit to number of references, but <100,000 is recommended

30. Hands-on Step 1: Create an EndNote Library • All programs > EndNote > EndNote Program • File > New • Filename: Test (*.enl) • Save

31. Step 2: Add References to the Library Import PDF Direct Export Import Text File Online Search Manual Inputting EndNote Library Cite While You Write MS Word

32. Method 1: Direct Export • Export references directly from database • At the database, select the records you want • Save, output, export or send to EndNote (Look for “RIS format”) • Click Open to transfer records to your EndNote library

33. Method 1: Direct Export (WOS) 1. Mark the records 2. Click on EndNote

34. Method 1: Direct Export (PubMed) 1. Mark the records 2. Send to>Choose Destination>Citation Manager

35. Method 1: Direct Export (FindMore)

36. Method 2: Import .txt File • Used when references cannot be exported to EndNote. • Very few databases e.g. Factiva • At the database, select the records you want • Export text (.txt) file and save on desktop • In EndNote, go to File > Import • Browse and select the .txt file • Select Import option > Other filters Which filter to use? http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=96551&sid=3508846

37. NATL Method 3: Online Search • Search free databases (e.g. PubMed) and library catalogues (e.g. LINC, Library of Congress) • Go to Online Search Mode > More • Select a free database or catalogue, e.g. NATL U of Singapore • In the online search pane, search by exact title of book or conference proceeding • Copy the reference to Local Library Mode

38. Method 3: Online Search Search by the exact title 2. Select more 1. Click on Online Search Mode (Temporary Library)

39. Method 4: Import PDF Files • Extracts references from PDF files • PDF must contain a Digital Object Identifer (DOI) and is not a scanned document. • Steps: • In EndNote, go to File > Import • Choose either file or folder, and change Import Option > PDF • Note: If the author, title, journal, etc, fields are not auto-populated, the PDF could be of the wrong format or have an incorrect DOI

40. Method 4: Import PDF Files

41. Method 5: Manual Inputting Link to the video: http://youtu.be/30u5_b9d5D4

42. Step 3: Duplicate References • To set criteria: • Edit > Preferences > Duplicates • To find duplicates: • References > Find Duplicates

43. Managing References: Custom Groups • Create folders to group (categorise) references Go back to All References. Select references and drag into custom group. Alternatively, right click on the references > Add References To > My Groups

44. Managing References: Smart Groups • Automatically group references based on your search criteria, e.g.: author/year/title contains/is/word begins with… • Note: Any references added to EndNote will be automatically filed in the group, with immediate effect 1 2 44

45. Attaching Files to References • To set criteria: • References > File Attachment > Attach Files

46. Step 4: Cite While You Write (CWYW) • Use MS Word to insert citations into your paper • Create a paper with properly formatted references, bibliography, figures & tables • Tip: Do NOT edit the citations and bibliographies in Word. Edit the reference in the EndNote Library only • Tip: To locate citation and bibliography fields, change the MS Word’s Field Shading option

47. Inserting Citations Method 1: Find Citation a. EndNote X6 tab: Insert citation > Find Citation b. Search for a word in any field (e.g. title, author) c. Select the references that you want to insert into your paper Method 2: Insert Selected Citation(s) In EndNote library, select a citation Go to Word and place cursor at insertion point Click on Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s)

48. Editing Citations & References • Edit & Manage Citation(s) • E.g. add page numbers, exclude author, exclude year • Edit Library Reference(s) • Place cursor in the citation, click on Edit library references and make the necessary changes. Next, click on Update citations and bibliography

49. Change Style & Create a Bib Section • To change the citation style • EndNote X6 tab: • Click on Style > Select Another Style… • To create bibliography section* • Bottom right corner of Bibliography group > Layout > Bibliography title • Type References (or Bibliography) • *The bibliography section appears only when you insert a citation

50. Backing Up Library (1) • Method 1: Save a Copy • Creates an exact copy of the library  xxx Copy.Data and xxx Copy.enl • File > Save a Copy…