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WHAT IS ECOLOGY?

Discover the ecosystems of the world through biomes and explore levels of organization in ecology. Study energy transfer, habitats, and relationships between living and non-living factors in nature.

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WHAT IS ECOLOGY?

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  1. 1. Spirals out (blank left hand side)2. TITLE Intro to Ecology: Biomes3. Update Table of Contents

  2. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology-the study of Ecosystems… So what’s an ecosystem? An Ecosystem is a habitat… where you study energy transfer (food) between the living parts andnon-living partsof an environment

  3. Similar Ecosystems (habitats) around the World are called… Biomes (12+) – ecosystems in different locations on earth, with similar climate (weather, temperature) animals and plants

  4. Use the computer to research the different biomes • Characteristics • Unique facts • Location • Northern hemisphere • Near equator • South pole • Climate • Precipitation • Average temp. • Seasons • Wildlife • Mammals • Insects • Plants • Types of trees • Types of grass

  5. Biome Quiz – clear off desk • Review Scientific Method Test • Prepare Spiral for Spiral Check

  6. Sci. Meth. & Microscope Test AveragesToday is the last day to take the test

  7. 1. Grab Computer2. Finish Biome ResearchToday is the LAST DAY to take Scientific Method TestBiome Quiz & ½ Day Tomorrow

  8. 1. Spirals out (blank left hand side)2. TITLE:Levels of Organization3. Update Table of Contents Wed. 8/21 or Thurs. 8/22

  9. Remember An Ecosystem is a habitat What does a Habitat include? (talk to your partner)LOOK AT THE PHOTO  Living and non-living parts!!

  10. Parts of an Ecosystem (2) 1. Biotic factors- all living organisms (plants, fungi, animals, protists) 2. Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents)

  11. How do we organize abiotic and biotic factors? In Levels of Organization!!

  12. Chemistry Levels of Organization (12 total) Molecules  cells  DO YOU REMEMBER the Characteristics of life? What level of organization is the first level to be considered living? tissue  Biology Atoms  organ  Body (organ) system Organism Population Community Ecology Ecosystem Biomes Biosphere (earth)

  13. Levels of Organization Group of the same cells

  14. Levels of Organization in Ecology Organism/species – lowest level consisting of one individual Population – includes all members of the same species living in one place at one time, that can breed. Community – contains all living organisms interacting in one area (bacteria, plants, animals, etc.) Ecosystem– different populations in a community and the abioticfactorswith which they interact Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Biome – are ecosystems around the world with similar climate, animals, and plants. Biosphere – life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water, and salt water. The highest level of organization

  15. At the top margin of pg. 14 WRITE and ANSWER the following question. At what Level of Organization do scientists study living and non-living factors together?Underline your answer. Questions are included in spiral checks TODAY

  16. Level of Organization for Ecology • Cut along the black lines • Staple, or hole punch and tie the circles together • Correctly label the order of the levels of organization • Choose a specific Biome FIRST, then draw diagrams • Define (in own words) • Title • Correctly drawn diagram • Start with an organism of your choice and correctly draw and color what is included in the next level of organization. You will be graded on your qualityof work. Include COLOR, the title of the level, the definition, drawing, and NEATNESS! NO OCEAN BIOMES!

  17. Definition Title Correct colored photograph Hint: Ecosystem is the first Level of Organization where you can draw a non-living (abiotic) factor

  18. What is incorrect about the following picture of a “community”

  19. stop

  20. Spirals Title: Food Chains and Niche Niche -the role a species plays in a community; EX: Prey, predator, producer, or consumer

  21. Building a food chain

  22. 1. Producers – Start the food chain because they create their own food • Autotrophs that create energy from the sun through photosynthesis Or • Bacteria that trap energy through chemosynthesis (occurs in the absence of light).

  23. 2. Consumer- all heterotrophs: they eat food containing the sun’s energy Examples • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Decomposers Primary consumers that only eat plants eat meat, dead animals (scavengers) eat meat and plants Breakdown dead/decaying plants or animals into simpler molecules get absorbed

  24. Food Chain Rules1. 10% of Energy is lost at each trophic level2. The arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer3. Each step in a food chain is called a trophic level 3rd trophic Level 4th trophic Level 2nd trophic Level 1st trophic Level 5th trophic Level

  25. 3 Ecological Pyramids (%) Energy is lost Weight of organisms Number of organisms

  26. Quiz Tomorrow  Study Ecology Notes

  27. Symbiotic Relationships Symbiosis- a relationship between two speciesliving together 3 Types of symbiosis: • Commensalism  • Parasitism  3. Mutualism 

  28. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. orchids on a tree Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called xerophyte, air plant.

  29. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria

  30. Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism- one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) • Parasite-Host relationship

  31. Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism- parasite-host Ex. lampreys, leeches, fleas, ticks, tapeworm

  32. Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism- beneficial to both species Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp

  33. = 1 species Complete the chart above

  34. Primary and Secondary Succession

  35. Trophic Levels • Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level. • Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

  36. Trophic Levels Biomass- the amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat. • As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease. • Energy is transferred upwards but is diminished with each transfer.

  37. Trophic Levels E N E R G Y Tertiary consumers- top carnivores Secondary consumers-small carnivores Primary consumers- Herbivores Producers- Autotrophs

  38. Trophic Levels Food chain- simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

  39. Trophic Levels Food web- shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level • Represents a network of interconnected food chains

  40. Food chain Food web (just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)

  41. Clear off DESKS!! • Grab the lab paper from the front table and • Wait for directions If YOU WERE ABSENT!! • Lab directions and info is on my website • This will be due on BLOCK DAY! For a lab grade

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