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Section V: Vocabulary. Teaching Reading Sourcebook 2 nd edition. Developing Vocabulary. Vocabulary is found in two forms Oral words : This form is understood by students when others speak or read aloud, or when students speak.
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Section V: Vocabulary Teaching Reading Sourcebook 2nd edition
Developing Vocabulary • Vocabulary is found in two forms • Oral words: This form is understood by students when others speak or read aloud, or when students speak. • Print : This form is understood by students when they read or write. • Forms of vocabulary • Receptive: Listening and Reading • Productive: Speaking and Writing
Levels of Word Knowledge • I have never seen or heard the word before. • I’ve seen it or heard the word, but I don’t know what the word means. • I vaguely know the meaning; I can associate it with a concept or context. • I know the word well; I can explain and use it. • Having a general meaning or using word in writing • Having a full and precise meaning
Vocabulary Gap • The gap in vocabulary knowledge begins before children enter school and is, too often, not closed in later years. • The absence of either decoding skills or adequate vocabulary ensures a low level of reading comprehension. • From about third grade on, 95% of students can read more words than they can explain or use. The effect of an early deficit in oral vocabulary becomes magnified.
Vocabulary and Comprehension • The most valuable benefit of vocabulary is the positive contribution vocabulary size has on comprehension. • Once beginning readers decode an unfamiliar word, they must rely on their oral vocabularies to make sense of the word. A deficit in their oral vocabulary impacts their comprehension. • From third grade on, 95% of students can read more words than they can define or explain. The impact of an early deficit in oral vocabulary becomes magnified.
Vocabulary Instruction for English- Language Learners (ELLs) • Take advantage of student’s primary language if it shares cognates with English. • Teach the meaning of basic words (words that most English-only students know). • Provide sufficient review and reinforcement. • Reading aloud to students • Teacher directed activities • Listening to audio tapes • Activities to extend word use outside of classroom • Parental involvement