A Geographic Portrait of The Marshall Islands with emphasis on Bikini Atoll

1. A Geographic Portrait ofThe Marshall Islandswith emphasis onBikini Atoll

2. Pacific Realm Location • Bikini Atoll • 11 degrees 30 seconds North • 165 degrees 25 seconds East 2 1

3. Bikini Atoll 3

4. Atoll Place: • Pacific Ocean comprises one third of the earth’s surface • Only 192,200 square miles of land area • Over 90% of the land area is one island New Guinea • Many of the islands are volcanic island chains formed above “hot spots” • Also atolls formed by coral reefs around a volcanic islands that sunk 5 4

5. Bikini Atoll 6

6. Movement: Migration of People • People of Indonesia 1000s of years ago fled from Malay warriors of Asia to Australia and New Guinea • Island by island they settled eastward • Arriving in the Marshall Islands between 500 and 2000 BC. 7

7. Map of Migration

8. Mode of TransportationTheOutrigger Canoe 8

9. 9

10. Navigation 10

11. Climate • Air temperature is between 80-85 degrees all year. • There is a rainy season from June until December and a dry season from January until May • During the dry season there is more wind also12 Temperature and Average Rainfall of Bikini Atoll 11

12. People 15 14 13

13. Clothing 17 16 18

14. Housing Process of constructing housing 19 20 21 22

15. 23

16. Meeting House 24 25

17. Economy 26 27 28 Fishing

18. Agriculture 30 29 • Coconuts • Taro

19. “The Bomb”byTheodore Taylor • An historical novel

20. Human-Environment Interaction • On a Sunday morning in February of 1946 Commodore Ben H. Wyatt, the military governor of the Marshals spoke to the Bikians asking them to allow the U.S.A. to test nuclear weapons on their island for, “the good of mankind and to end all world wars.” • The Bikinian people were told that if they aloud they U.S.A. to use their island they could return in two years to their island just as they had left it. • After much confusion and sorrowful deliberation, King Juda announced, “We will go believing that everything is in the hands of God.” • The United States of America used the Marshall Islands to test 67 nuclear weapons from 1946 to 195831

21. Nuclear Testing on Bikini Atoll 32 33 Able Bomb Baker Bomb “As soon as the war ended, we located the one spot on earth that hadn’t been touched by war and blew it to hell” --Comedian Bob Hope commenting on Operation Crossroads 34

22. U.S. Nuclear Tests in the Marshall Islands • The United States tested 67 nuclear weapons on and around Bikini Atoll between 1946 and 1958, of which the comparison of the yields of all the tests conducted are in the chart to the left 35 36

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24. 1http://www.harper.cc.il.us/mhealy/g101ilec/pacific/par/pareg/parregmp.htm1http://www.harper.cc.il.us/mhealy/g101ilec/pacific/par/pareg/parregmp.htm 2http://www. life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/atolls/bikini.html 3http://www. Rmiembassyus.org 4Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 722. 5http://www.harper.cc.il.us/mhealy/g101ilec/pacific/pad/paphys/padphytx.htm 6http://www.rmiembassyus.org/photos.html 7http:www.amadeus.net/home/dest/en/regions/Pacific/Marshall_Islands/Mar.htm 8Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 704. 9Http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 10 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 741. 11http://www.bikiniatoll.com/facts.html 12http://www.bikiniatoll.com/facts.html 13http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 14http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 15 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 703.

25. 16 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page707. 17 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 18 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 726. 19 http://www.life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/culture/Houses.html 20 http://www.life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/culture/Houses.html 21 http://www.life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/culture/Houses.html 22 http://www.life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/culture/Houses.html 23 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 24 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 708. 25 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 710. 26 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 720. 27 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 732. 28 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 728. 29 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 725. 30 Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Page 725. 31 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 32 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 33 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html 34http://www.bikiniatoll.com/facts.html

26. 35 http://www.rmiembassyus.org/nuketest.html 36 http://www.rmiembassyus.org/nuketest.html 37 http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html

27. Bibliography http:www.amadeus.net/home/dest/en/regions/Pacific/Marshall_Islands/Mar.htm http://www.bikiniatoll.com/facts.html http://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html http://www.harper.cc.il.us/mhealy/g101ilec/pacific/pad/paphys/padphytx.htm http://www.harper.cc.il.us/mhealy/g101ilec/pacific/par/pareg/parregmp.htm http://www. life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/atolls/bikini.html http://www.life.csu.edu.au/marshall/html/culture/Houses.html http://www. rmiembassyus.org http://www.rmiembassyus.org/nuketest.html http://www.rmiembassyus.org/photos.html Boyer, David S.(May 1967) Micronesia-Americanization of Eden, National Geographic, Vol. 131, No. 5, Pages 702-744.