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Lecture 8

Lecture 8. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and National Culture. Levels of Culture. National level Regional / Ethnic / Religious / Linguistic affiliation level Gender level Generation level Social Class level Organizational / Corporate level. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Overview.

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Lecture 8

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  1. Lecture 8 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and National Culture COM 340

  2. Levels of Culture • National level • Regional / Ethnic / Religious / Linguistic affiliation level • Gender level • Generation level • Social Class level • Organizational / Corporate level COM 340

  3. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Overview • Geert Hofstede (Dutch) - Well known for his work on “Four Dimensions of Cultural Variability.” • These include: • Uncertainty Avoidance • Power-Distance • Masculinity-Femininity • Individualism-Collectivism • Quantity vs. Quality of Life COM 340

  4. Uncertainty Avoidance • The extent to which a society feels threatened or is comfortable by uncertain and ambiguous situations. • STRONG Uncertainty Avoidance • WEAK Uncertainty Avoidance COM 340

  5. Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension COM 340

  6. Uncertainty Avoidance (con’t) • STRONG Uncertainty Avoidance Cultures Greece (1) Japan Chili Portugal Peru Spain Belgium France Argentina • Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Cultures Singapore (53) Hong Kong India Denmark the Philippines Ireland Sweden Great Britain Malaysia United States (43) COM 340

  7. Power-Distance • The extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. • HIGH Power-Distance • LOW Power-Distance COM 340

  8. Power Distance Dimension COM 340

  9. Power-Distance (con’t) • HIGH Power-Distance cultures Malaysia (1) Philippines Hong Kong Mexico Singapore India Venezuela France Columbia • LOW Power-Distance cultures Austria (53) Norway New Zealand Israel Ireland Finland Denmark Sweden Switzerland United States ranked 38 out of 53 countries. COM 340

  10. Masculinity-Femininity • The extent to which gender roles in a culture are expected and clearly defined. • “Masculine” • “Feminine” COM 340

  11. Masculinity-Femininity (con’t) • Masculine Cultures Japan (1) Mexico Great Britain Ireland Germany Switzerland Venezuela • Feminine Cultures Sweden (53) Finland the Netherlands Norway Chile Thailand Denmark Portugal United States ranked 15 out of 53 countries. COM 340

  12. Individualism-Collectivism • The extent to which a society is loosely or tightly knit. • INDIVIDUALISTIC • Emphasis on self versus social group • COLLECTIVISTIC • Emphasis on social group COM 340

  13. Individualism Dimension COM 340

  14. Individualism-Collectivism (con’t) • INDIVIDUALISTIC cultures United States (1) Canada Italy Australia the Netherlands Belgium Great Britain New Zealand Denmark • COLLECTIVISTIC cultures Guatemala (53) Columbia Singapore Peru Taiwan Hong Kong Pakistan Thailand Indonesia Korea Japan ranked 22 out of 53 countries. COM 340

  15. Quantity/Quality of Life • Emphasis on assertiveness & materialism versus relationships and leisure time COM 340

  16. Quality vs Quantity of Life Dimension (Masculinity vs Femininity) COM 340

  17. Cultural Dimensions Scores for 10 Countries COM 340

  18. Cultural Dimension Ratings aA weak quantity-of-life score is equivalent to a high quality-of-life score. COM 340

  19. The Position of 40 Countries on the Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance Scales COM 340

  20. The Position of 40 Countries on the Power Distance and Individualism Scales COM 340

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