Next Generation Manufacturing: Holonic Manufacturing System

1. Next Generation Manufacturing:Holonic Manufacturing System 2003. 8. 18. MAI Lab. Joon Kim

2. Contents • Introduction • Comparison with other approaches • System design method • Holon taxonomy • Detailed model of the basic holons MAI Lab. 2003

3. Introduction(1) • Origin of Holonics • Holon = holos(whole) + on(particle) • Observation on hybrid nature of subwholes/parts in real-life systems by Arthur Koestler(1967) • Observation on complex adaptive system by Herbert Simon(1969) • Features of holons • Self-contained wholes to subordinated parts as well as dependent parts when seen from the inverse direction • Autonomous self-reliant units • Subject to control from higher authorities MAI Lab. 2003

4. Introduction(2) • Notations • Holon: An autonomous and cooperative building block of a manufacturing system for transforming, storing and/or validating information and physical objects • Autonomy: The capability of an entity to create and control the execution of its own plans and/or strategies • Cooperation: A process whereby a set of entities develops mutually acceptable plans and executes these plans • Holarchy: A system of holons that can cooperate to achieve a goal or objective MAI Lab. 2003

5. Comparison with other approaches(1) • Existing approaches • Hierarchical control • Top-down • Strictly defined modules and their functionality • Autonomy of, and communication b/w modules limited • Sensitive to perturbation • Rigid architecture • Expensive to develop • Difficult to maintain • Low agility and responsiveness MAI Lab. 2003

6. Comparison with other approaches(2) • Existing approaches • Heterarchical control • No hierarchy • Power to the basic modules(“agents”) • Can react adequately to changes in the environment & in the manufacturing system itself • Very agile • Simple to design, understand and maintain • Predictability low • Need for abundant resources and homogeneous environment MAI Lab. 2003

7. Comparison with other approaches(3) • Holonic vs. hierarchical and heterarchical control • Autonomy to the individual modules(holons) • Loose hierarchy(holarchy) • Differences from the traditional hierarchical control • Holons: • Can belong to multiple hierarchies • Can form temporary hierarchies • Do not rely on the proper operation of each holon in the hierarchy MAI Lab. 2003

8. Comparison with other approaches(4) • Emerging approaches • Bionic manufacturing MAI Lab. 2003

9. Comparison with other approaches(5) • Emerging approaches • Fractal factory MAI Lab. 2003

10. Comparison with other approaches(6) • Comparison of concepts • Level of autonomy of the units AWG: Autonomous work groups MAI Lab. 2003

11. Comparison with other approaches(7) • Operational features MAI Lab. 2003

12. System design method(1) • Traditional design approaches for manufacturing control systems • Mostly based on top-down approach • The user requirements and the global conceptual design as the complete set of constraints • Very rigid architecture • Phrases of traditional design method • Definition of requirements • Global conceptual design • Detailed design • Implementation of detailed conceptual design • Installation of the manufacturing system • Usage and management of the information system MAI Lab. 2003

13. System design method(2) • Design methodology for holonic manufacturing systems • Bottom-up development methodology • No need for complete constraints at the beginning • Reconfigurability • Phrases of a holonic design method • Identification of manufacturing holons • Detailed design and implementation of • the manufacturing holons • Installation and configuration of • the manufacturing system • Operation of the manufacturing system MAI Lab. 2003

14. Holon taxonomy(1) • Basic building blocks MAI Lab. 2003

15. Holon taxonomy(2) • Modeling MAI Lab. 2003

16. Holon taxonomy(3) • Aggregation MAI Lab. 2003

17. Holon taxonomy(4) • Specialization MAI Lab. 2003

18. Holon taxonomy(5) • Staff holons MAI Lab. 2003

19. Detailed model of the basic holons(1) • Data managed by the basic holons • Functions performed by the basic holons MAI Lab. 2003

20. Detailed Model of the Basic Holons MAI Lab. 2003

21. Detailed model of the basic holons(2) • Interaction behavior of the holons • Launch of an order MAI Lab. 2003

22. Detailed Model of the Basic Holons • Interaction behavior of the holons • Launch of an order MAI Lab. 2003

23. Detailed model of the basic holons(3) • Order drives production MAI Lab. 2003

24. Detailed Model of the Basic Holons • Order drives production MAI Lab. 2003

25. Detailed model of the basic holons(4) • Adding a new resource MAI Lab. 2003

26. Adding a new resource MAI Lab. 2003

27. References [1] Hendrik Van Brussel et al., “A conceptual framework for holonic manufacturing: identification of manufacturing holons,”Journal of Manufacturing Systems 18(1999), pp35-52. [2] A. Tharumarajah, A. J. Wells, and L. Nemes, “Comparison of emerging manufacturing concepts,”CSIRO Manufacturing Science & Technology (2003) [3] Lihui Wang, “Integrated design-to-control approach for holonic manufacturing systems,”Robotics in Computer Integrated Manufacturing 17(2001), pp159-167 [4] Dilip Kotak, Shaohong Wu*, Martin Fleetwood, Hiroshi Tamoto, “Agent-based holonic design and operations environment for distributed manufacturing,”Computers in Industry (2003) MAI Lab. 2003