Contents

1. Presentation of Country ReportProfessional Training Program on Financing and Cost Recovery for the Provision of Urban Environment InfrastructureServices(13-15 December 2004, AIT, Thailand)Prepared by Mr. Chea NaraVice Chief officeDEPC, MoE, CAMBODIA

2. Contents 1- Introduction 2- Cambodia’s Environmental Policy 3- Roles and Responsibility of DPC 4- Environmental Law 5- Responsible Authorities on SWM 6- Household Waste Management 7- Industrial Waste Management 8- Medical Waste Management 9- Constraints on SWM 10- Conclusion

3. 1-Introduction • Cambodia has an area of 181,035 km2 • Cambodia is ranked 147 among 173 countries in the world, with a per capita US$ 252 (According to 1994 UNDP Human Development Report). • Cambodian population estimated 13.77 m. in 2003. The population in Phnom Penh estimated 1.2 m.

4. SWM is one of the major problems facing Cambodia, particularly in the capital city of Phnom Penh. The volume of SW has dramatically increased due to the rapid rate of urban development, rural-urban migration, and high population growth rate. It has been indicated that the amount of SW to be disposed at open dumping site, is estimated 850 tons/day. Most provinces do not have proper dumping site for the MW.

5. 2- Cambodia’s Environmental Policy The Ministry of Environment (MoE) of Cambodia was established by a Royal Decree in 1993. - Protecting and upgrading the environment quality and public health by mean of prevention, reduction and control of pollution, sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in Cambodia. - MoE also has crucial role to work closely with relevant government ministries and agencies and international agencies by conducting, researching, environment planning, assess the environmental impacts and sustainable development on natural resources. Anyway, - MoE has implemented international conventions, protocols and agreements related to environment and natural resources sectors.

6. 3- Role and Responsibility of DPC • To fulfill tasks relevant to international conventions and protocols for environmental quality prevention and protection • To make inventories of source, type, and quantity of solid and liquid wastes; toxic and hazardous substances, as well as emission, noise and vibration. • To prepare and implement the sub-decrees and legal instruments of environmental quality protection and to control and monitor environmental pollution entire the country. • To follow up, report and disseminate to publics about environmental quality such as air, water, soil and noise. • To control and monitor all wastes, toxic and hazardous substances of which import, transit, export, recycles, treatment, storage or disposal into atmosphere, water, soil, or on land.

7. Role and Responsibility of DPC (Cont.) • To inspect at pollution sources in collaboration with concerned institutions, fine or compile document for authorized institutions • To set up the short and long term strategic plan for intercepting and mitigating environmental pollution • To research and survey as well as to build human resource on environmental pollution and environmental quality protection. • To collaborate with concerned institutions and non-governmental organizations, international organizations, local communities, and other countries in order to protect environmental quality • To govern the LAB, analyze as well as to manage data of water, soil, air, waste, noise, vibration, etc. • To cooperate and evaluate on projects dealing with environmental pollution.

8. 4- Environmental Law • Established in December 24, 1996 on Environmental Protection and Natural resource Management. • To protect and promote environmental quality and public health through prevention, reduction, and controlling point and non point sources. • To Ensure the rational and sustainable conservation, development, management, and use of natural resources. • To encourage and enable the public participate in the environmental protection and natural resources management.

9. 1- Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management (27-4-1999) 2- Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control (6-4-1999) 3- Sub-Decree on Air Pollution Control and Noise Disturbance (10-July 2000) 4- Sub-Decree on EIA Process. (11August 1999)

10. Declaration on the Provision of Duties to carry out the Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control, Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management for Urban and Provincial Environmental Departments, June 2, 1999. • Declaration on Water Pollution Control (August 20, 1999). • Declaration on Industrial Hazardous Waste Management (May 26, 2000). • Declaration on the Proceeding of the Department of Environmental Pollution Control July 27, 2000. • Declaration on Industrial Sludge Management (October 9, 2000). • Joint Declaration between MoE and MoI on household waste management through out the country.

11. 5- Responsible Authorities on Solid Waste management • Ministry of Environment • Department of Public Works and Transport of MPP (DPWT), Municipality of Phnom Penh • Local Authority • CINTRI (Cambodia) Co., Ltd • SAROM Trading Co., Ltd and

12. 6- Household waste management • Cintri (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. is the company responsible for collection and disposal of household solid waste in the city include from resident, market, public building, public garden, hospital and clinic, restaurants, hotels and factories…… and operated in 4 khan (in central city) • the Municipal Cleansing Section (MCS) under the DPWT operated in 3 Khan (Outskirt City)

13. Tasks and Roles of DPWT/PPWM and CINTRI in SWM in Phnom Penh Common rates applied NIP: Neighborhood Improvement Program

14. Household Waste Collection Fee

15. The collection fee is included in the electricity bill, according to the agreement with MPP and CINTRI. • The collection fee at NIP zone, sangkat has to collect the fee through Phum according to the bill prepared by PPWM. • According to contract with CINTRI and Phnom Penh Municipality Authority has to pay a monthly fee for 2000USD to CINTRI for the first three years and than increased.

16. 7- Industrial Waste Management • Since Aug. 2002 to now MoE provided a right to Sarom Trading Company Co., Ltd. • About 85 % of factories in Cambodia are garment factory and shoes factory. Most of industrial waste are textile waste, leather and sludge from treatment basin of washing garment factory. • Industrial waste generation that were generated and disposed at Sarom landfill are • Sludge 32,480 tonns/ year • Textile waste 9,140 tonns/ yea • Other waste1,635 tonns/year

17. Transport Services and Disposal of Industry Waste Feeat Sarom Landfill

18. 8- Medical Waste Management • there are 870 medical institutions in MPP and the generation amount of hazardous MW estimated 0.96 tons/day and non-hazardous MW estimated 9.7 tons/day • MoE promotes the construction of treatment and disposal facilities. • MoE, MoH and PPWM instruct medical institutions to separately discharge hazardous waste from non-hazardous waste. • DoH promotes the integration of small incinerators for infectious waste and hazardous medical waste

19. 9- constraints are occurred within solid waste management: • Insufficient financial resources • Inadequate human resource • Overlap of responsibility • Lack of collaboration

20. 10 - Conclusion The management of SW in Cambodia is needed to be improved in order to mitigate risks to public health and environment. Public awareness and technical capacity building regarding the management of SW and risk assessment must be strengthened. This must be conducted from the national to local level.

21. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION