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States of Matter

States of Matter. Chap. 13. Gases. State of matter in which particles are separated by large distances. Gases. Gas properties. Gases. Gas properties. Gases have mass. Gases. Gas properties. Gases have mass Gases occupy space. Gases. Gas properties. Gases have mass

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter Chap. 13

  2. Gases State of matter in which particles are separated by large distances.

  3. Gases • Gas properties

  4. Gases • Gas properties • Gases have mass

  5. Gases • Gas properties • Gases have mass • Gases occupy space

  6. Gases • Gas properties • Gases have mass • Gases occupy space • Gases completely fill their containers

  7. Gases • Gas properties • Gases have mass • Gases occupy space • Gases completely fill their containers • Gases have low density

  8. Gases • Gas properties • Gases can be compressed & expanded

  9. Gases • Gas properties • Gases can be compressed & expanded • Gases exert pressure

  10. Gases • Gas properties • Gases can be compressed & expanded • Gases exert pressure • Gases diffuse & effuse

  11. Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) An explanation of why gases behave the way they do.

  12. Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) • Gases consist of tiny particles in constant motion

  13. Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) • Gases consist of tiny particles in constant motion • Gas particles travel in straight line until they collide with other particles or the container

  14. Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) • Gas particles are separated by relatively large spaces

  15. Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) • Gas particles are separated by relatively large spaces • The kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the temperature KE = ½ mv2

  16. Gases • Diffusion Spreading out of particles (high to low concentration)

  17. Gases • Diffusion • Diffusion depends on how fast particles travel.

  18. Gases • Diffusion • Diffusion depends on how fast particles travel. • Cold particles travel _____ than warm particles.

  19. Gases • Diffusion • Diffusion depends on how fast particles travel. • Cold particles travel slower than warm particles. • Small particles travel _____ than small particles.

  20. Gases • Diffusion • Diffusion depends on how fast particles travel. • Cold particles travel slower than warm particles. • Small particles travel faster than small particles.

  21. Gases • Diffusion • Diffusion depends on how fast particles travel. • Graham found that the diffusion rate was inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass.

  22. Graham’s Law √ RateA Molar mass B = RateB Molar mass A

  23. Measuring Gases • Gas Pressure

  24. Measuring Gases • Gas Pressure • Pressure is force per area P = F/A

  25. Measuring Gases • Gas Pressure • Pressure is force per area • The atmosphere exerts pressure

  26. Measuring Gases • Gas Pressure • Pressure is force per area • The atmosphere exerts pressure • Pressure units

  27. Equivalent Pressure units 1.00 atmosphere (atm) 101325 pascals (Pa) 101.325 kilopascals (kPa) 760 __________ (mm Hg) 760 torricelli (torr) 14.7 pounds per square inch (___)

  28. Measuring Gases • Gas Pressure • Pressure is force per area • The atmosphere exerts pressure • Pressure units • Converting pressure

  29. Self Check – Ex. 1 A container of gas has a pressure of 50 atm. What is this pressure in psi?

  30. Self Check – Ex. 2 What is the pressure in pascals of a gas sample that is 140 kPa?

  31. Measuring Gases • Instruments

  32. Measuring Gases • Instruments • Barometer Measures atmospheric pressure.

  33. Measuring Gases • Instruments • Barometer • Mercury Image: Dr. Leon L. Combs Atmosphere ‘holds up’ a column of mercury

  34. Measuring Gases • Instruments • Barometer • Mercury • Aneroid Image: Australian BOM Name means ‘without liquid’

  35. CO2 22 mm Hg • Measuring Gases • Instruments • Barometer • Manometer Measures pressure of an enclosed gas

  36. Measuring Gases • Instruments • Barometer • Manometer • Example calculations

  37. Self Check – Ex. 3 What is the pressure of the CO2 gas pictured below? Atmospheric pressure is 755 mmHg. CO2 22 mm Hg

  38. 65 mm He Hg Self Check – Ex. 4 What is the pressure of the helium gas pictured below? Atmospheric pressure is 1.1 atm.

  39. The End

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