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Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions

Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions. Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’). 11.1 – Describing Chemical Rxns. Chemical equations represent chemical reactions. Reactants  Products. Reactant mass = Product mass. # reactant atoms = # product atoms.

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Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’)

  2. 11.1 – Describing Chemical Rxns Chemical equations represent chemical reactions Reactants  Products Reactant mass = Product mass # reactant atoms = # product atoms Chemical equations must be balanced to obey the LAW!

  3. Word Equations “Sodium carbonate reacts with calcium chloride to produce sodium chloride and calcium carbonate” Chemical Equations Na2CO3 + CaCl2 NaCl + CaCO3 This is a ‘skeleton’ equation It is NOT balanced

  4. 2 Na2CO3 + CaCl2 NaCl + CaCO3 subscripts coefficient When balancing equations, never change subscripts. Instead, add coefficients

  5. When balancing equations, never change subscripts. Instead, add coefficients H2 + O2 → H2O 2 2 Al + F2 → AlF3 2 3 2 NaClO3 → NaCl + O2 2 2 3

  6. More on Chemical Equations Pt Δ heat or Catalyst – substance that speeds up a chem. rxn but is not part of the chem. equation

  7. ASSIGNMENT: • Chapter 11 #1-11 (p. 349 – 354) Common acids: H2SO4 – sulfuric acid HCl – hydrochloric acid HNO3 – nitric acid

  8. Balancing Equations Help… 1. Balance 1 element at a time, from left to right. 2. Treat any polyatomic ions as single units if they are on both sides of the reaction. Zn(OH) 2 + H3PO4→ Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O 3 2 6 (OH) is NOT on both sides There is a (PO4) on each side

  9. Balancing Equations Hints… • Odd # atoms → even # atoms; multiply through by 2 4 2 CH3OH + O2→ CO2 + H2O 3 2 2 4. Balance oxygen last, it just helps sometimes. 5. Remember, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, H2

  10. Ch. 6 Quiz #1 Balance the following chemical equations 1. FeCl3 + H2S → FeCl2 + HCl + S 2. MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2 Hydrochloric acid reacts with solid sodium hydrogen carbonate. The products formed are aqueous sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas. Write a skeleton equation for this chemical reaction.

  11. 11.2 – Types of Chemical Rxns Most chemical rxns will fit into 1 of 5 types. • Combination • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement • Combustion

  12. Combination • A + B → AB Magnesium metal and oxygen gas combine to form the compound magnesium oxide. 2Mg(s) + O2 → 2 MgO(s)

  13. heat • 2. Decomposition • AB → A + B 2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)

  14. 3. Single Replacement • A + BC → AB + C • 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2

  15. 4. Double Replacement • AB + CD → AC + BD

  16. 5. Combustion • A substance reacts with oxygen (O2) and releases energy • If the substance is a hydrocarbon, then CO2 and H2O are products,

  17. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

  18. Which type of reaction? H2OH2(g) + O2(g) electricity K2CO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + BaCO3(s) 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbI2 + 2KNO3(aq) 2Fe(s) + 3S(g) → Fe2S3(s) • 2NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) • 2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

  19. Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Cu(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g) Cl2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) Cu(s) + S(s) → CuS(s)

  20. Can you do these? a) Al + F2→ AlF3 b) C3H8 + O2→ CO2 + H2O c)FeSO4 + Ba(OH)2→ Fe(OH)2 + BaSO4 d) NaClO3→ NaCl + O2

  21. Exploratory info for next chapters… What does a coefficient mean? 4 Ag + O2 → Ag2O 2 _____ atoms of Ag will react with _____ molecule(s) of O2 to form _____ formula units of Ag2O A coefficient represents the combining ratio of reactants & products in a chemical rxn.

  22. Exploratory info for next chapters… 4 Ag + O2 → Ag2O 2 1. How many molecules of oxygen (O2) would be needed to react with 4 atoms of silver? 2. How many molecules of oxygen (O2) would be needed to react with 8 atoms of silver? 3. How many formula units of silver oxide would be formed in 1? In 2?

  23. Exploratory info for next chapters… 4 Ag + O2 → Ag2O 2 How many oxygen molecules would be needed to form 20 formula units of silver oxide? How many atoms of silver would be required as well?

  24. Exploratory info for next chapters… 4 Ag + O2 → Ag2O 2 If 20 atoms of silver react with 20 molecules of oxygen, which reactant would be used up completely? Which reactant would be leftover? How many formula units of silver oxide would be formed?

  25. Exploratory info for next chapters… Limiting Reactant - Reactant that is completely used up; limits the amount of product that can be produced. Excess Reactant - Reactant that remains un-reacted; is not completely used up.

  26. Exploratory info for next chapters… Fe2O3 + CO → Fe + CO2 3 2 3 1. How many molecules of CO are needed to produce 4 atoms of Fe? 6 CO molecules 2. How much Fe2O3 is assumed to be present in the question above? Assuming that there is at least 2 formula units of Fe2O3

  27. ASSIGNMENT: • Chapter 11 Worksheet #2

  28. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 38. • 2Mg + O2 2MgO • 4P + 5O2  2P2O5 • Ca + S  CaS • 39. • 2Ag2O  4Ag + O2 • NH4NO3  N2O + 2H2O

  29. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 41. • H2C2O4 + 2KOH  K2C2O4 + 2H2O • CdBr2 + Na2S  CdS + 2NaBr • 42. • C4H8 + 6O2 4CO2 + 4H2O • C3H6O + 4O2  3CO2 + 3H2O

  30. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 43. • 3Hf + 2N2 Hf3N4; combination • Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2; sngl. rpl. • 2C2H6 + 7O2  4CO2 + 6H2O; combustion • Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaI  PBI2 + 2NaNO3; dbl. rpl. 44. Every decomposition rxn has a single reactant.

  31. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 48. • Cl2 + 2KI  I2 + 2KCl • 2Fe + 6HCl  2FeCl3 + 3H2 • P4O10 + 6H2O  4H3PO4 • 49. • Cl2 + 2NaI  2NaCl + I2 • 2NH3  N2 + 3H2 • 4Na + O2  2Na2O

  32. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 50. • ZnS + H2SO4 H2S + ZnSO4 • NaOH + HNO3  H2O + NaNO3 • 2KF + Ca(NO3)2  CaF2 + 2KNO3 • 51. • Na2O + H2O  2NaOH • H2 + Br2  2HBr • Cl2O7 + H2O  2HClO4

  33. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 52. • Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 • No rxn • Br2 + BaI2  BaBr2 + I2 • 53. • Tube a contains the sodium metal • 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2; sngl. rpl.

  34. Chapter 11 #38,39,41-44,48-55 (p. 377) • 54. • 2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O • C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O • HC2H3O2 + 2O2  2CO2 + 2H2O • 55. • 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 • Sn(OH)4  SnO2 + 2H2O • Ag2CO3  Ag2O + CO2

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