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Human relationships

Explore the four basic human relationships, the concept of a "superior man," ancestor worship, and key cultural principles in ancient Chinese society.

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Human relationships

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  1. Human relationships • What are the four basic human relationships? (11) • How do they relate to each other? • What qualifies one as a “superior man”? • How does he relate to others? (12) • Look at the quote on the bottom of p. 12 • What is expected of the “superior man” (junzi, 君子)? • What is this called? • Humaneness or righteousness (rén, 仁)

  2. Ancestor worship • How is lineage determined? (32) • Thompson identifies two principles important not only to ancestor worship but to Chinese culture. What are they? • Li 禮, “ritual,” “ritual propriety,” “proper conduct” • In practical terms, what did it mean for ancient Chinese people? • To what cultural spheres did it apply?

  3. Ancestor worship • “The Mandate of Heaven” • From the Shu jing, or Classic of History • Compiled in the Han dynasty • This section probably composed in the Zhou era (770-221 BCE) • Set the scene: who’s talking to whom, and why? • What is Yi Yin’s standing? • Page 2, para. 2 – what principle is he stating? • How would you define good and evil in Chinese terms?

  4. Ancestor worship • Xiào 孝, filial piety • How is it related to Li? • What do you reckon its cultural consequences to be? • For marriage? • For women? • How would you describe the status of the ancestors? • What is the relationship between the living and the dead? • How is that relationship conducted by the living? (44f)

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