Evolution Test Review

1. Evolution Test Review

2. GRAPHS, CHARTS and Diagrams

3. DNA ANALYSIS Used to determine relatedness among species.

4. Protein (DNA) Analysis

5. Homologous Structures Evidence for common ancestry.

6. FOSSIL RECORD Provides evidence of change over time and age of past organisms.

7. EMBROLOGY Shows evidence of common ancestry.

8. CLADOGRAM A cladogram is a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. It is based on PHYLOGENY, which is the study of evolutionary relationships.

9. Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Family Trees Phylogenetic Trees: Order of Evolution of Species and Relatedness Cladograms: Evolutionary Relationships and Development of Adaptations

10. Bar Graph This shows how the frequency of alleles for color have changed in this rabbit population over time.

11. Genetic Variation Mutation: Some “green genes” randomly mutated to “brown genes” (although since any particular mutation is rare, this process alone cannot account for a big change in allele frequency over one generation).

12. Natural Selection This is a non-random mechanism of evolution.

13. Gene Flow (Migration) Migration (or gene flow): The introduction of new alleles into a population from another population of the same species. This is a random mechanism of evolution.

14. Genetic Drift The process of change in the genetic composition of a population due to chance or random events rather than by natural selection, resulting in changes in allele frequencies over time.

15. Types of Natural Selection One of the extremes of a phenotype is the fittest. The intermediate phenotype is the fittest. Both of the extremes of a phenotype is the fittest.

16. Speciation The formation of new species from the evolution of existing species. Results from reproductive isolation of two populations.

17. Reproductive Isolation Types

18. Behavioral Isolation – when two populations are separated by different mating behaviors – leads to speciation

19. Geographic Isolation – when two populations are separated by a physical barrier and cannot reach each other – leads to speciation

20. Temporal Isolation – when two populations mate at different times – leads to speciation

21. Lamarck vs. Darwin

22. Lamarck vs. Darwin Darwin would say the wolf with the square snout will be outcompeted by the round snouted wolf and die off. Lamarck would say the wolf can change its snout shape by willing it to change during its lifetime.

23. Practice Questions

24. Meaning of Evolution

25. Answer - #3

26. Mechanisms of Evolution, Patterns of Evolution

27. Answer - #1

28. Phylogeny; Cladograms

29. Answer - #2

30. Mechanism of Evolution

31. Answer - #1

32. Natural Selection

33. Answer - #4

34. Comparative embryology, similar DNA sequences, and homologous structures are all evidence of • endosymbiotic theory • common ancestry • genetic drift • artificial selection Evidence of Evolution Human CCA GGT ATA Chimp CCA GGT ATT Cat CCA GAG ATC

35. Answer - B

36. Fossil Record

37. Answer - #1

38. Complexity of a Eukaryotic Cell

39. Answer - #3

40. Mechanisms of Evolution: Recombination

41. Answer - #4

42. Natural Selection

43. Answer - #2

45. Answer - #4

46. When a population cannot adapt to changes in their environment and they all die, ______________ has occurred. a. adaptation b. natural selection c. genetic drift d. extinction

47. Answer - D

48. On the Galapagos Islands, finch species started on one island, then moved to each island and evolved separately into new species. This is known as _______________ a. adaptive radiation b.genetic drift c. artificial selection d. extinction Patterns of Evolution

49. Answer - A

50. Emergence of a new species When a new population evolves from a previous population and the two can no longer interbreed, ___________ has occurred. a. genetic drift b. speciation c. artificial selection d. extinction