National Defense and Nuclear Weapons

1. National Defense and Nuclear Weapons

2. Essential Questions What is government's purpose and how does it work to create ordered societies?

3. National Security • National security refers to the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military, political power, and the exercise of diplomacy. • National security requires us to maintain: • Armed Forces (U.S. Military) • Effective Diplomacy with allies and enemies • Civil Defense and Emergency Systems • Intelligence and Policing services • Counterintelligence Capabilities

4. History of Our National Security • The first example of national security was the creation of the Monroe Doctrine: • President Monroe feared that European nations would attempt to endanger the United States by interfering in the affairs of Latin American nations • The U.S. told Europe that attempting to do so meant war with the U.S. • This policy has been effective because Europe has not been successful in damaging the U.S. this way

5. National Security Act of 1947 • Until World War II, the primary source of national security was the U.S. military and international diplomacy. • After WWII, President Truman signed the Act in response to the rising threat of the Soviet Union • The Act created • The department of Defense (to replace the war department) • A new branch of the military called the Air Force • The National Security Council • The CIA

6. National Security and the Cold War The U.S. and the USSR were allies against Nazi Germany during WWII After the war, the US and USSR were left as the only “superpowers” and a struggle for power ensued The USSR controlled Eastern Europe and the US controlled the West and Japan, making the Soviets suspicious the West. Both nations began to build their weapons to ensure that the other did not become too powerful

7. Cold War Conflicts The US and USSR / China fought indirectly in Korea during the Korean War (1950-1953) The US fought the USSR and China indirectly again during Vietnam (1963-1973) The US and USSR almost went to war during the Cuban Missile Crisis The US and USSR also fought over control of the Middle East in Afghanistan (1979-1988) These wars are an example of the US policy of Containment

8. The US and September 11th The US did not have a major enemy after the Soviet Union fell in 1991 until 9/11 The terrorist attacks showed the US that it was vulnerable to foreign attacks from terrorist groups This caused the US to change it’s policy toward terrorists and rouge nations (one’s that support terrorism) The United States changes it’s national defense policy from defensive to preemptive

9. Post 9/11 • In response to the attacks, the US invaded Afghanistan to defeat the Taliban, who supports Al Qaida • In 2003 the US used the preemptive strike policy to invade Iraq • The US believed Iraq was developing chemical and nuclear weapons • The US also believed Iraq was assisting Al Qaida with money and weapons • No WMD’s (weapons of mass destruction) were found, but some believed they could have been moved elsewhere.

10. National Defense System LEQ: What are the major components of the national defense system in the US?

11. The United States Military The US military has 1.4 million service men and women in it today The US Military has the largest air force and navy in the world. The army is one of the most technologically advanced. The Marines are the rapid response force in times of crisis (and are the best) The military protects not only the US, but also Japan, Germany, Afghanistan, and Iraq. The military is also involved in emergency planning (sky cap over cities after 9/11)

12. International Diplomacy Diplomacy is defined as negotiation between states or international groups to establish better relations or trade The US ensures it’s security through security partners worldwide (Great Britain and Australia) The US continues to attempt to negotiate peace between warring factions that threaten US interest (Israel and Palestine) The US also attempts to secure peaceful solutions with it’s enemies (nuclear deal with North Korea)

13. Civil Defense and Emergency Planning Civil Defense: The civilian attempt to prevent or respond to a military attack. This involves police, fire, rescue, and local militia or national guard First responders to attacks or to natural disasters Emergency Planning: The Department of Homeland Security and FEMA are the main sources of emergency planning Local, state, and federal resources are used to respond to disasters based on needs (firefighters on 9/11 or emergency workers during Hurricane Katrina)

14. Intelligence and Policing Services Intelligence agencies are federal agencies that gather information that contributes to the protection of the United States. These agencies perform counter intelligence, counter terrorism, and data gathering on future threats The CIA is the main policing entity of the intelligence community Major goals: warn of impending crisis, identify weaknesses in national security, protect national secrets, defense planning, and international crisis management

15. Nuclear Weapons and Missile Defense System LEQ: What are nuclear weapons and how do they effect our national security?

16. A Nuclear Weapon is? A weapon that gains its destructive force from a nuclear reaction and is far more destructive than any conventional (normal) weapon. Nuclear weapons have been the major threat to world peace for the past sixty years.

17. Nuclear Weapons • Nuclear weapon have three types of attacks: • Nuclear Detonation • Electromagnetic Pulse • Radiation Fallout • There are various types of nuclear weapons: • Atomic Bomb (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) • Hydrogen Bomb • H-Bomb • Thermonuclear Bomb • Fusion Bomb

18. Nuclear bombs: The Shockwave emits from the mushroom cloud, causing immense damage to the surrounding areas for miles (most damaging part of nuclear weapon) The blast can move faster than a tornado (300 mph) Anyone within a few miles of the blast epicenter will be incinerated Bomb Effects

19. Thermal Radiation This is the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the mushroom cloud. Flash blinding is the extreme brightness that the cloud exerts on impact causing temporary or permanent blindness Radiation can cause huge fire storms that destroy more buildings The radiation (in the mushroom cloud fireball) will heat up to 10,000 degrees.

20. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Gamma rays emit from the blast center that produce high energy electrons Ionized particle will render electrical wires and computers useless Unprotected electronic devices like cars, radio’s, computers, and cell phones will no longer work These rays can also cause physical damage to humans (who happen to survive the blast wave)

21. Ionized Radiation High Energy electrons cause 2nd and 3rd degree burns as well as blindness. These electrons are what we call radiation poisoning, or fallout. These ions can last in the environment for hundreds of years. This nuclear fallout can cause cancer and birth defects

22. Nuclear Weapons and National Defense The US uses it’s large arsenal of nuclear missiles to ensure it’s safety. The US currently possesses approximately 7,500 nuclear weapons. These weapons exist in the forms of ICBM’s, naval missiles, torpedoes, and laser guided bombs The US can hit any place on earth with a nuclear weapon in less than half an hour. The largest threat to US security is smaller states having nuclear weapons (Iran)

23. Nuclear Weapons and Politics National Missile Defense System is a global system of satellites and radar that will intercept inbound missiles. This system uses surface to air missiles and fighter jets to knock out inbound nuclear weapons The idea was conceived by Ronald Reagan and was nick named “Star Wars”

24. Nuclear Club There are currently nine nations with nuclear weapons : The United States Russia England France China Israel India Pakistan North Korea