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Intro/Review Unit.

Intro/Review Unit. Maintaining Life. Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment. Body Temp Blood Pressure Blood CO2 levels Glycogen levels Etc…. Maintaining life(2). Negative Feedback – when a specific condition causes a reaction to reverse that condition.

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Intro/Review Unit.

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  1. Intro/Review Unit.

  2. Maintaining Life • Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment. • Body Temp • Blood Pressure • Blood CO2 levels • Glycogen levels • Etc…

  3. Maintaining life(2) • Negative Feedback – when a specific condition causes a reaction to reverse that condition. • Body temp = cold = shivering • Blood Pressure = low = vaso constriction • CO2 levels = high = Increased respiratory rate • Glycogen levels = low = liver release

  4. Levels of organization Quark Protons, Neutron, electrons atoms molecule macromolecule organelle Cell Tissue

  5. Levels of organization(2) Tissues Organ Organ System organism population community ecosystem biosphere

  6. Levels of organization (3) Biosphere Solar system Galaxy Universe Multiverse ????

  7. Organization of the Human Body • 2 common divisions • Axial • appendicular

  8. Org. of human body (2) • Cavities • Dorsal • Cranial • Oral • Nasal • Orbital • otic • Vertebral • Ventral • Thoracic • Abdominopelvic • Abdominal • Pelvic

  9. Sections • Sagittal – divides the body into right and left side. Also called the median plane

  10. Sections • Transverse – divides the body into top and bottom. Also called the horizontal plane.

  11. Sections • Coronal – divides the body into front and back. Also called the frontal plane.

  12. Sections • Cross section • Oblique • Longitudinal

  13. Positions • Superior / Inferior • Anterior / posterior

  14. Positions • Medial / lateral • Distal / proximal • Superficial / deep

  15. Ch 2 Chemistry Review • Atoms • Protons, Neutrons, Electrons • Atomic Weight, atomic number • Ions

  16. Chemistry Review • Bonding • Ionic – giving or taking • Covalent- sharing

  17. Chemistry Review • Molecule • Compound vs. Mixture • Formulas

  18. Chemistry Review • Chemical Reactions • Synthesis - Building • Decomposition – Breaking down • Catalysts – speeds up reactions (ex. Enzymes.)

  19. Chemistry Review • pH • Acids • Bases • pH scale

  20. Cells - chem • Inorganic Parts – non carbon based. Typically not built by the organism. • Water • Gases – CO2, O2 • Salts –

  21. Cells - chem • Organic – Molecules built by living organisms, typically containing Carbon. • Carbohydrates – sugars • Mono • Di • polysaccharides

  22. Cells - chem • Lipids – fats and oils • Fats • Phospholipids – building blocks for membranes • Steroids – hormones, cholesterol, etc…

  23. Cells – lipids - membranes

  24. Cells - chem • Proteins – Produced at the ribosome by instructions from DNA • Amino acid building blocks • Ex. Enzymes

  25. Cells - chem • Nucleic Acids – • Nucleotide building blocks • DNA • RNA

  26. Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Flagella Cillia Microtubules Chormosomes/ chromatin CELL REVIEW – CH3 Organelles

  27. CELL REVIEW - Organelles • Ribosome • Mitochondria • Lysosome • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi apparatus

  28. CELL REVIEW - Organelles • Golgi Apparatus • Centriole • Cytoskeleton • Peroxisomes • Vacuoles/ vesicles • Nucleolus

  29. Movement • Concentration • Equilibrium • Diffusion • Permeability

  30. Movement • Osmosis • Isotonic • Hypertonic • Hypotonic

  31. Movement • Facilitated Diffusion • Filtration • Active Transport • Transport proteins

  32. Movement • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  33. Movement • Pinocytosis • Phagocytosis

  34. Cell Cycle • G1 -> S -> G2 -> M -> C • Growth -> synthesis(copy DNA) -> Growth and Prepare for M -> Mitosis -> cytokinesis.

  35. Cell Cycle • Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • (interphase)

  36. Cellular Metabolism • Metabolism – all chemical reactions that take place in a body • Anabolic • Building • Uses energy • Dehydration synthesis

  37. Cellular Metabolism • Catabolism • Breaking down molecules • Hydrolysis • Releasing energy

  38. Enzymes • Speed up chemical reactions • Build or break molecules • Are influenced by pH, Temp, etc… • Are very specific

  39. Metabolism • Oxidation – “burning” of glucose or other molecules to produce E. • Also produce waste – free radicals. • Uses E to start reaction (activation E) • Uses Enzymes to speed up reaction

  40. Cellular Respiration • Burning glucose to produce ATP • Aerobic – w/ O2. Produces a max of 38ATP • Anaerobic – w/o O2. Produces 2 ATP • ATP is the energy for the individual cells.

  41. Metabolic Pathways • Carbohydrate – Breaks down sugars to produce ATP. 3 steps. • Lipid – Fats broken into fatty acids, sugars, or ATP • Protein – Break down to produce Amino acids, fats, sugars, or ATP. Also produce waste Urea.

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