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Explore the agricultural systems in the Sahel region, including nomadic herding, irrigation farming, and commercial farming. Learn about the challenges of drought, infertile soil, and low rainfall, and the impact of cultural, technological, and governance factors. Discover the importance of sustainable practices in maintaining productivity while preserving the environment.

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  1. Theme Agriculture

  2. Agricultural Systems • The Sahel • Southern California San Francisco San Diego

  3. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/ The Sahel Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Gambia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sudan Source: www.pbs.org

  4. The Sahel -- Encyclopedia Britannica Arabic Sa hil, semiarid region of western and north-central Africa extending from Senegal eastward to The Sudan. It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south.

  5. Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad Source: www.fao.org

  6. Less developed More developed Nomadic herding Irrigation farming Self subsistence farming Commercial farming Well-known food exporter Famine Similar physical inputs

  7. Physical inputs • Dry climates • High solar energy • Low rainfall 200-600mm • Infertile soil • Drought

  8. Cultural inputs Technology Low High Governance Poor Efficient Market Small + Local Large + Overseas

  9. Technology Simple, low cost, manual Advanced, high cost, mechanical Dig wells Build dams, canals, reservoirs, drainage systems Plant tree Satellite Eco-friendly fertilizers Chemical fertilizers

  10. Outcome Depends on international aids Gain more than US$2 billion a year

  11. Technology Overgrazing Increasing arable land Overcultivation Large scale construction Deforestation Loss of natural habitats  Desertification  Pollution Sustainable agriculture

  12. Advantages  productivity  quality  variety  health  production cost Disadvantages  pollution  habitats  biodiversity deforestation desertification  ecosystem Technology  Livelihood + Economy 

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