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Environmental Degradation - about 6% GDP: Share by Cause (Rp. bn per year)

National Workshop on Urban Air Quality and Integrated Traffic Management Karachi, September 13-14, 2006. Environmental Degradation - about 6% GDP: Share by Cause (Rp. bn per year). Income and Infant Mortality. PM10 in Pakistan’s Cities: 48-hour averages – SUPARCO 2003/2004.

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Environmental Degradation - about 6% GDP: Share by Cause (Rp. bn per year)

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  1. National Workshop on Urban Air Quality andIntegrated Traffic ManagementKarachi, September 13-14, 2006

  2. Environmental Degradation - about 6% GDP:Share by Cause (Rp. bn per year)

  3. Income and Infant Mortality

  4. PM10 in Pakistan’s Cities: 48-hour averages – SUPARCO 2003/2004

  5. PM10 in other Cities - Annual averages

  6. PM10 in Dhaka: 24-hour averages – AQMP 2002

  7. Sources of PM • vehicular emissions • industrial emissions • burning of solid waste • natural dust

  8. The Environmental “Production Function”

  9. Partnerships for Clean Air • Pakistan EPA setting air quality and emissions standards • provincial environmental authorities responsible for implementation of these standards delegated • integration of air quality management with urban planning by municipal authorities • policies for clean air in the industry, energy, fuel and transportation sectors.

  10. Updating the Regulatory Framework • Health-Based Air Quality Standards: • required as a basis for emission control strategies • specifying limits for key pollutants and monitoring methods • costs and likelihood of achievement informing the standard-setting process. • Vehicle Emission and Fuel Quality Standards: • updated Vehicle Emission Standards for new registration and in-service vehicles • linked to standards for fuel quality, especially lower sulphur diesel and alternate fuels

  11. Technical Capacity for Air Quality Management • technical staff required for air quality monitoring, inspection and analysis of information • International experience suggests using private or academic institutions through out-sourcing some tasks.

  12. Public Information to Support Clean Air • Publish a daily Air Quality Index in major cities • will build support for air quality improvement initiatives • will enable the issuance of health alarms when necessary.

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