EDPC 5310 Applied Research Design for Educators

1. EDPC 5310Applied Research Design for Educators Qualitative Approach

2. Collecting Qualitative Data • Purposeful Sampling • Extreme case sampling • Typical Sampling • Opportunistic sampling • Snowball sampling • Confirming & disconfirming sampling

3. Collecting Qualitative Data • Strategies: • Observation • Interviews and Questionnaires • Documents • Audiovisual materials

4. Collecting Qualitative Data Strategies Observation The process of gathering open-ended, firsthand information by observing people and places at a research site. Advantage Record the firsthand information as it happens Study actual behaviors Dynamics of group Disadvantage outsiders

5. Collecting Qualitative Data Strategies Observer’s Roles Participant Observer Nonparticipant observer Changing Observational Roles

6. Collecting Qualitative DataStrategies • Interviews and Questionnaires • One-on-one • Focus group • Telephone • Electronic E-Mail interview

7. Collecting Qualitative DataStrategies • Documents • Can be newspaper, meeting records, letters, personal journals

8. Collecting Qualitative DataStrategies • Audiovisual materials • Images or sounds that will help the understanding of the issue understudy

9. How do You Record Data • Using Protocols • Data recording protocols • Interview protocols • Observation protocols

10. Administer Data Collection • Access • Amount of time, schedule • Observing • Explain your role to participants • Interviews • Equipment, icebreakers, ask all questions • Documents • The amount of time to locate, obtain permission. If possible check them out to ensure accuracy & credibility • Audiovisual materials

11. Ethical Issues in Data Collection • Anonymity • Inform them about the purpose of the study, must not engage in deception • No covert observation • Institutional Review Board • Off record disclosure • If you share personal experiences with participants in an interview setting • Reward participants • Researchers’ emotion

12. Analyzing Qualitative Data • It is inductive, from data to codes or themes • Simultaneous data collection and data analysis • It is iterative on data collection and data analysis • Repeat data analysis procedure several times • There is no single acceptable way of qualitative data analysis. • Qualitative research is a subjective interpretive research

13. Organize Data for Analysis • Tables • By types • By participants • By site • By location • Duplicate all kinds of data

14. Transcribe Data • Transcription • The process if converting a taped interview recording or field notes into text data

15. Transcribe Data continued • Leave spaces on each side for coding process • Leave spaces between speakers • Use detailed and complete headers indicating types of data • Transcribe all words, and type the word “pause” for lengthy break of interviewees, and “laughter”, “telephone ring”, or “inaudible”…..

16. Analyzing Data by Hand or Computer With Hand: • Read the data, mark it by hand • A small database, less than 500 pages • Intimate understanding of data • Have time • Not comfortable about other approach With Computer • Using qualitative computer program to facilitate the process of storing, analyzing, and sorting the data. • Large data set, adequately trained, financial support

17. Analytical Procedure • Organizing the data • Generating categories, themes, and patterns • Testing emerging hypotheses • Searching for alternative explanations • Writing report

19. Criteria of soundness Credibility To demonstrate that the research is conducted in such a manner to ensure that the participants are accurately identified and described.

20. Criteria of soundnesscontinued Transferability • performed by readers of research. • Readers compare research details to the specifics of an environment or situation with which they are familiar. • If there are enough similarities between the two situations, readers may be able to infer that the results and “transfer" the results to another context. • To do this effectively, readers need to know as much as possible about the original research situation. • Researchers must supply a highly detailed description of their research situation and methods.

21. Criteria of soundnesscontinued • Dependability • The researcher attempts to account for changing conditions in the situation chosen for the study as well as changes in the design created by increasingly refined understanding of the settings.

22. Criteria of soundnesscontinued Confirmability • Whether the findings of the study could be confirmed by another. • Do the data help to confirm the general findings and lead to the implication?

23. Questions? • Data collection for next meeting

24. Literature ReviewCommunicating about Research

25. A Common Format of Educational Research Manuscript Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results Conclusions

26. The Review of Literature • Purpose • Provide relevant information/studies about the issue of your study • Define research problems • Justify the significance of your study

27. The Review of Literature • Two resources • Library • What can you find from a library? • Internet • http://libraryweb.utep.edu/

28. Conduct a Review of Literature Relevant report Locate copies of report Organize information Summarize reports Outline a structure Write a review of the literature A complete bibliography

29. What Am I Looking for? • Provenance • Current, well-studied • Authors • Journal • Objectivity • Even-handed? • Data and conclusions • Value • Contributions

30. Summary • Which session in an article provide relevant information/studies about the issue of your study? • A). Introduction • B). Methodology • C) Literature • Which of the following articles I might include into my literature review? • A. An article from El Paso Times • B). An article from Vaughn • C). An Article from Journal of Counseling and Development.

31. What information you will need for creating a refWork account? • A) Email address • B) UTEP 800 number • C) Both of above • Which format does publication in the field of education follow? • A). APA 3rd • B). APA 5th • C). APA 6th

32. Questions? Good-Bye