1 / 49

INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS.

INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS. THE CUBAN EXPERIENCE. THE TRANSFER OF THE CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS ARE ANALIZED WHEN:. The Northern and Southern countries discuss about the issues of sustainable development

samson-meyers
Download Presentation

INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS. THE CUBAN EXPERIENCE.

  2. THE TRANSFER OF THE CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS ARE ANALIZED WHEN: • The Northern and Southern countries discuss about the issues of sustainable development • The debate on trade and environment face up the TRIPs issues

  3. This analysis is related to the flow of financial resources • The flow of new and additional resources to our economies will determine the real possibilities to the access of clean technologies and is one of the requirements to reach sustainable development targets.

  4. INITIAL ISSUES • Agenda 21 mandates on chapters 33 y 34. • The MEAs mandates about clean technology transfer. • The financial possibilities to reach a real TT

  5. TARGETS • Hightlight methodologically and practically the relations between the financial mechanisms and TT. • From the scope of 21 Agenda • From the scope of MEAs

  6. TARGETS • Assess the Cuban access and limitations to the TT. • Present the Cuban measures adopted to stimulate the introduction of clean technologies

  7. In our research work we found two well defined areas of influence: • COLABORATION PROJECTS • INVESTMENT PROJECTS

  8. Limitations of the present study • Lack of international statistic information about clean technologies transfer. • Lack of national information about: • Foreign Investments • Clean Technologies

  9. AGENDA 21Chapter 34 ABOUT THE TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECNOLOGIES • Less polluting. • Sustainability and optimisation in the use of the resources • More reuse and recycling of waste and products. • More friendly and acceptable waste disposal technologies in comparison with the old ones.

  10. CLEAN TECHNOLGIES ARE • Total Systems, that include technical knowledge, procedures, goods and services and equipment, as well as, organising and management systems.

  11. AGENDA 21Chapter 33. Financial sources and mechanisms Hightlight the linkages between these mechanisms and the TT: • Review different financial mechanism, including the voluntary ones. • Bring the possibility of the establishment of an special international fund. • Bring other innovative options

  12. But the real situation is: • The ODA decrease . • The main financial flows are directed to the countries of the North. • The 95 % of the new technologies, generated in the Northare shared internally between TNC and not through directed investments. • The gap between N-S continues increasing

  13. ¿What we know up to this moment? • ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION PROJECTS • The analysis of a Data Base that contains 700 collaboration projects shows these figures about : multilateral and bilateral ones.

  14. The figures show • In the period 95-99, from 700 analysed projects, 327 are finished or in process. • From these only 59 projects are directed to environmental issues (33%.of the total)

  15. ABOUT THE NUMBER OF PROJECTS • Multilateral collaboration projects for the environment were only 53 ( 16.2 % of the total). • Bilateral collaboration projects were 56 (17.2 %).

  16. ABOUT THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE PROJECTS • Multilateral collaboration represents 45,4% for the environment, reaching the amount of 12,7 MMUSD • Bilateral collaboration represents only 6,8 % reaching the amount of 1,9 MMUSD

  17. CLEAN TECHNOLGIES • PROJECTS: Number % • MULTILRERAL ----- 5 1,8 • BILATERAL --------- 4 1,2 • MUSD • MULTILATERAL ---2803,9 10,0 • BILATERAL--------- 688,0 2,4

  18. First conclusion • There is an insufficient number of collaboration projects directed to clean technologies , and a very small financial support for them.

  19. ABOUT FINANCIAL MECHANISM TO PROVIDE TT. • AGENDA 21 CONTEXT. • OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES . • ACCES OPORTUNITIES FOR CUBA • LIMITATIONS

  20. SOME OF THE MECHANISMES • GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FUND (GEF) • MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION

  21. Agenda 21 Chapter 33 : Means of implementation • Country´s own public and private sector. • For the developing countries the ODA. • New and additional funding for sustainable development. • Foreign Direct Investments and TT through the national implementation to stimulate the investments. • New innovative financial mechanisms to generate new public and private funding.

  22. Agenda 21 considers that: • The average annual cost (1993-2000) of implementig the Agenda in developing countries must be over $ 600 billions, including about $ 125 billions on grants or concessional terms from the international community.

  23. Funding sources and mechanisms • Multilateral banks and Funds • International Development Association (IDA), • Regional and sub regional development Banks • Specialised United Nations agencies • Multilateral Institutions for Capacity building • Bilateral Assistance Programs • Debt relief • Private funding

  24. GEF is one of the funding institutions • Administered jointly by UNEP, UNDP and the World Bank • Provides Grants and Concessional Loans designed to face up the global environmental targets • Only for the coverage of the incremental costs of the projects

  25. GEF FUNDING: • National priorities projects, addressing climate change, biological diversity, international seas and depletion of the ozone layer. • Activities to combat soil degradation, specially desertification and deforestation, as far as these activities are related with the 4th firsts spheres.

  26. FUND RESOURCES • PILOT PHASE (91-94) 860 MMUSD • 1st REPOSITION (95-98) 2OOO MMUSD • 2nd REPOSITION (99-02) 2750 MMUSD

  27. Cuban access to GEF funding PROJECTS • FINSHED 2.9 MMUSD • IN PROCESS 5.6 “ • APROOVED 4.4 “ • IN NEGOTIATION 14.5 “

  28. MONTREAL PROTOCOL MULTILATERAL FUND • Designed to funding the Protocol Program, in order to support the activities related to the protection of the Ozone Layer

  29. FUND RESOURCES 1st Repositión (91-93) 240 MM 2nd Repositión (94-96) 455 MM 3rd Repositión (97-99) 466 MM 4th Repositión (2000-02) 440 MM

  30. Cuban access to the funding PROJECTS • FINSHED 476 MUSD • IN PROCESS 1858 “ • APROOVED 155 “ • IN NEGOTIATION 2665 “

  31. Other conclusion

  32. CUBAN STEPS TO ATRACT AND PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND TECHNOLOGIES

  33. SOME REFLEXIONS: • Clean Technologies are not only the most novel, sophisticated , remarkable new ones. • We may consider less pollutant, more efficient, and sound technologies in relationship with the precedent ones.

  34. Strategy at the national level: • Promote and use scientific research capacity of the country to solve the national technological problems. • Develop innovative technological systems and reengineering processes.

  35. The development of national capacities is complemented with. • The attraction of foreign clean technologies

  36. Positive measures implemented • Reduction 50 % border tariff for the import of technologies and equipment used on waste treatment and reduction of contaminants. • Accelerate depreciation on the investments directed to develop , import, or install environmentally sound technologies.

  37. Positive measures implemented • National Economic Plan assigned 138,4 MMP, in year 2000, for the investments directed to solve environmental problems. It means around 7,9% of the national total investment amount.. • Implementation of the National Environmental Fund as a new financial mechanism for the environment.

  38. Command & control implemented measures • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and environmental licensing are some of the keys control measures for the investors • These measures are mandatory and leaders in all investment processes of the country

  39. Other implemented economic measures • Law No.73/1994. ”Taxation System”, introduce the environmental tax over the use and exploitation of natural resources and to protect the environment

  40. Other implemented economic measures • Law No.77 “Foreign Investment Law” recognise that the F I could be conduced on the basis of the protection of natural resources and the environment". • On Article 39 the Law establishes a charge over the income tax when the use of natural resources takes place.

  41. PROPOSALS At national level 1- Establish a statistical and informative control system in order to quantify the behavior of the development of clean technologies in the national context as well as those that are introduced.

  42. PROPOSALS 2- Intensify the process of national capacity building in the process of elaboration of projects to be funded by international institutions.

  43. PROPOSALS Internationally 1- Ask international institutions the design of methodologies that facilitate the country control of clean technologies.

  44. PROPOSALS 2-Request the international institutions to consider the inclusion in the statistical basis of international trade of specific information that can help to know the tendencies of clean technology transfer.

  45. PROPOSALS 3- Request the international institutions to support the organization and development of assistance programs aimed to increase capacities in the elaboration of projects for these purposes.

More Related