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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition

Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition. Garrick Bailey James Peoples. Chapter 1. The Study Of Humanity. Chapter Outline. Subfields of Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Today Understanding Human Cultures: Anthropological Approaches The Value of Anthropology.

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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition

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  1. Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Sixth Edition Garrick Bailey James Peoples

  2. Chapter 1 The Study Of Humanity

  3. Chapter Outline • Subfields of Anthropology • Cultural Anthropology Today • Understanding Human Cultures: Anthropological Approaches • The Value of Anthropology

  4. Subfields of Anthropology • Archaeology • Biological (Physical) Anthropology • Cultural Anthropology • Anthropological Linguistics • Applied Anthropology

  5. Archeology • Investigating the human past by excavating and analyzing material remains. • Prehistoric archaeology investigates cultures that lived before the development of writing. • Historic archaeology investigates written accounts along with historic sites.

  6. Biological Anthropology • Investigates: • Anatomy and behavior of monkeys and apes. • Physical variations between different human populations. • Biological evolution of the human species. • Primatology is the study of evolution, anatomy, social behavior and adaptation of primates.

  7. Biological Anthropology • Human VariationHow and why populations vary physically. • PaleoanthropologyHow and why humans species evolved. • Forensic AnthropologyAnalyze and identify human remains.

  8. Cultural Anthropology • The study of contemporary and historically recent human societies and cultures. • Focus on the customs and beliefs of a human group.

  9. Cultural Anthropology: Objectives • Study how groups of humans lived. • Compare cultures to determine universal principles. • Understand how dimensions of human life relate (religion, art, communication, family). • Understand cultural change. • Make the public aware of cultural differences.

  10. Fieldwork • Moving into the community under study, communicating in the local language and living in close contact with the people.

  11. Ethnography • A written account of how a single human population lives.

  12. Anthropological Linguistics • How is language used in social contexts? • What styles of speech do people use? • What do the labels people attach to the environment tell us about the the way they perceive the environment?

  13. Anthropological Linguistics • Concerned with the complex relations between language and other aspects of human behavior and thought.

  14. Applied Anthropology Applies research skills to human problems. • Medical anthropology - health, nutrition, social environment and cultural beliefs. • Development anthropology - helps agencies adapt projects to community needs.

  15. Applied Anthropology Applies research skills to human problems. • Educational anthropology - deals with issues of learning and teaching. • Corporate anthropology - trains employees within a company what to expect and how to speak and act when they conduct business in other countries.

  16. Cultural Anthropology Today • Research is often done in urban, industrial areas. • Extended fieldwork continues to distinguish cultural anthropology from other disciplines. • Research extends across many disciplines (law, music, religion, etc.).

  17. Globalization • The effect on cultures of: • intermixing and migrations of peoples with diverse homelands • multinational reach of communications media • movement of production and services to overseas locales • increase in international travel and tourism.

  18. Anthropological Perspectives • Holistic -No dimension of culture can be understood in isolation. • Comparative - Generalizations about humans must consider the range of cultural diversity. • Relativistic -Cultures cannot be evaluated based on the standards of another culture.

  19. Cultural Relativism • No culture is inherently superior or inferior to any other culture.

  20. Ethnocentrism • The belief that moral standards, manners and attitudes of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures.

  21. Value of Anthropology • Allows us to see the development of human biology and culture over time. • Provides knowledge about human evolution, prehistoric populations, and tribal societies.

  22. Value of Anthropology • Encourages understanding and tolerance among citizens of different nations. • Allows us to compare our lives with those of people living in different times and places.

  23. Quick Quiz

  24. 1. Anthropology has how many subfields? • just one • three • five • six

  25. Answer: c • Anthropology has five subfields: archeology, biological or physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology.

  26. 2. Paleoanthropologists study: • our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees • people such as the Asmat from New Guinea • the aged • our fossil ancestor

  27. Answer: d • Paleoanthropologists study fossils to determine how our species evolved.

  28. 3. Primatologists study: • plant pollen • monkeys and apes • prehistoric people and their sites • the social context of language

  29. Answer: b • Primatologists study monkeys and apes.

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