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The Victorian Age

The Victorian Age. The Victorian Age (1837-1901). The Victorian Age. Progress, Expansion , mobility. The Victorian Age. Mattew Arnold “the dialogue of the mind with itself. The Victorian Age. A Christmas Carol (1843) Charles Dickens. The Victorian Age.

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The Victorian Age

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  1. The VictorianAge

  2. The VictorianAge (1837-1901)

  3. The VictorianAge • Progress, Expansion, mobility

  4. The VictorianAge • Mattew Arnold “the dialogueof the mind withitself

  5. The VictorianAge A Christmas Carol (1843) Charles Dickens

  6. The VictorianAge • The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and MrHyde (1886) • Robert Louis Stevenson

  7. The VictorianAge • Dracula (1897) • Bram Stoker

  8. The VictorianAge Science, technology and innovation

  9. The VictorianAge • ScientificActivity: • Charles Darwin, On the OriginofSpecies (1859) • Naturalselection • Survivalof the fittest

  10. The VictorianAge • H. G. Wells, The TimeMachine (1895); The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) • C. Dickens, Great Expectations (1860-1861) • Thomas Henry Huxley, On the PhysicalBasisof Life (1868). “thereis some onekindofmatterwhichis common toall living beings, and thattheirendlessdiversities are boundtogetherby a physical, aswellasanideal, unity”

  11. The VictorianAge • Thomas Henry Huxley, “The TwoCulturesDebate” (1880’s): • T.H.Huxley, Science and Education (1883) • M. Arnold, Discourses in America (1885)

  12. The VictorianAge • Herbert Spenser, The Social Organism (1860) • Social Darwinism

  13. The VictorianAge • The Great Exhibition • (1851) • Crystal Palace

  14. The VictorianAge • Railway, telegraph and telephone

  15. The VictorianAge Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The RailwayJourney. The IndustrializationofTime and Space in the 19th Century Ejzenstein, “Dickens, Griffith and the Film today” (1944) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts1x6uADFtM

  16. The VictorianAge • VictorianImperialism • DistinctionbetweenImperialism and Colonialism

  17. The VictorianAge • HomiBhabha, The Location of Culture • FrantzFanon, BlackSkin, White Masks • GayatriSpivak, Can SubalternSpeak? • Edward Said, Orientalism; • Culture and Imperialism

  18. The VictorianAge • Joseph Conrad, HeartofDarkness (1902) • “wanderers on a prehistoricearth”

  19. The VictorianAge • Triple-decker volume

  20. The VictorianAge • CirculatingLibraries

  21. The VictorianAge • Serialization

  22. The VictorianAge • Dickens’sPickwickPapers (1836-7)

  23. The VictorianAge

  24. The VictorianAge • Charlotte Brontë, William Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, George Eliot, Robert Louis Stevenson, Charles Dickens • ‘Silver forknovels’ (1820 and 1845) William Hazlitt in 1827 • Newgatenovels

  25. The VictorianAge • Charlotte Brontë, Shirley (1849) • Elisabeth Gaskell, Mary Barton (1848) • Hungry Forties (1840’s) –famine (Ireland) misery (Britain) • “I bethought me how deep might be the romance in the lives of some of those who elbowed me daily in the busy streets of the town in which I resided” Elisabeth Gaskell preface to Mary Barton

  26. The VictorianAge • Romance vsNovel • Characters Romance • 1-    They are very important members of the society • 2-    They do magical/spiritual or heroic tasks that are impossible to normal people. •   3-    They are normally one-dimensional characters that stay  the same throughout the story. Novel • 1-    They are middle class characters • 2-    They do daily chores • 3- Sometimes they might evolve, grow. • Setting • Romance 1-    The setting is often vague, or discarded on the whole. • 2-    If mentioned, the setting is something magnificent. 3 Castles, Magical and mysterious  places Novel  • 1-    It is a very detailed setting • 2-    It is normally something humble. •  3- It is a real place and if not then it sounds like it is.

  27. The VictorianAge Period/Time • Romance • 1-    There is no or a vague sense of time. • 2-  Does not necessarily stick to chronological order • Novel . • 1-    Time Continuum should either be measured by a clock or calendar. •  2-  It has to be in chronological order. • Plot Romance 1- The plot in itself was like in a dream, smooth unrelated movements with no climax. Novel • 1- It had a specific plot with a certain climax. • Language • Romance • 1-    The Romances were aimed at the upper class readers • 2- There were standard symbolisms. • Novel • 1-    Since it was aimed at middle class readers, the language was simple • 2-    There was no symbolism or metaphors or similes •   3-   It was denotative rather than connotative

  28. The VictorianAge • Tone • Romance • 1-    One singular type of tone throughout the romance •  2-   Uses emotions that are Ideal. • Novel • 1-    The tone varies depending on the genre of the Novel • 2-    Remains realistic. •   3- Uses emotions that are realistic but varies depending on situations and different characters

  29. The VictorianAge • Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism (1957) • " The romancer does not attempt to create “real people” so much as stylized figures which expand into psychological archetypes. It is in the romance that we find Jung’s libido, anima, and shadow reflected in the hero, heroine, and villain respectively. That is why romance so often radiates a glow of subjective intensity that the novel lacks, and why a suggestion of allegory is constantly creeping in around its fringes. Certain elements of character are released in the romance which make it naturally a more revolutionary form than the novel. The novelist deals with personality, with characters wearing their personae or social masks. He needs the framework of a stable society, and many of our best novelists have been conventional to the verge of fussiness. The romancer deals with individuality, with characters in vacuo idealized by revery, and, however conservative he may be, something nihilistic and untamable is likely to keep breaking out of his pages. (AC, 304–5)

  30. The VictorianAge • Archetypal literary criticism: myths and archetypes (from the Greek archē, or beginning, and typos, or imprint) • Social anthropology (with Frazer and his The Golden Bough) and psychoanalysis. • Carl Gustav Jung: myths are the “culturally elaborated representations of the contents of the deepest recess of the human psyche: the world of the archetypes”.

  31. The VictorianAge • JUNG listedfourmainformsofarchetypes: • The Shadow • The Anima • The Animus • The Self

  32. The Victorian Age • “usually prefers his material in a plastic, or roughly contemporary state, and feels cramped by a fixed historical pattern” (AC, 306). • “most” ‘historical novels’ are romances” (AC, 307).

  33. The Victorian Age

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