Unit 8: Lymphatic System and Immune System

1. Unit 8: Lymphatic System and Immune System Another way to transport ______ and ________ your body

2. A. Lymphatic System - a system of ______ and ______ used to circulate materials around the body - similar to the circulatory system but it _________ _____________ around - moves ______________ around the body mostly water

3. 1. _________________________________________ - a watery fluid used to keep _________________ - if cells are not ________________________________  the dry cells ______________________________ - lymph fluid is made from the plasma and _______ in the blood - lymph fluid constantly ________________________ into the area around cells - cells are bathed in inter cellular fluid

4. 2. ___________________ - a tube that is used to ______ _____________ from all over the body - very similar to a _____ (it has _________) but it is different because one end of the lymph vessel is open - open end collects lymph fluid from around the cells - moves fluid using blood pressure, skeletal muscle, body movement, and valves

6. 3. _______________________ - a collection of __________ on a lymph vessel - ______________________ - ___________ _____________ (to start the flow again) - make a certain type of ______ _________ – _____________ - helps with the immune system – ______________

7. B. Immune System 1. _________ – an abnormal condition that impairs the body functions of an organism - specific symptoms that ___________________ in the organism

8. a) Types of Disease 1) Genetic Disease – something different in the DNA Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis - Congenital Disease – the person is born with the defect; Congenital Heart Disease 2) Nutritional Disease – caused by a lack of nutrient Scurvy, Malnutrition, Rickets, Crohn’s Disease 3) Environmental / Behavioral Disease – caused by the situtation the person is in Asbestosis, Lung Cancer from Smoking 4) ________________ – ___________________ ____________________ diseases caused by pathogens = ______________ _____________________________ Tuberculosis, Influenza, HIV, Tapeworm, Tetnus

10. 2. Human Immunity a) 1st Line Defense - ___________________________ - Physical and chemical barriers are ways in which your body stops the pathogen from entering - Pathogen = disease causing organism 1) ________________ 2) ________________ 3) ________________ 4) ________________ 5) ________________ 6) ________________

11. b) 2nd Line Defense – _____________________________ 1) blood vessels expand - ______________________________ – turns red - ____________ - more _______________________ 2) white blood cells gather around area _____________ = specific type of white blood cells 3) ____________________________________

12. Non-Specific in its action

13. c) 3rd Line Defense - _____________________________ 1) __________ – _________________________________ - used to _____________ – “I.D. card for the cell” - every cell ___________________________________ - each person has their own individual set of antigens ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________

14. 2) ________________ - _______________________ - made by ____________ (special white blood cells) - stick to __________  _________________________ ______________________________ - very specific – __________________________________

15. 3) _______________________________ - _______________________________________ - _______________________________________ - it forms clumps = ________________________

16. - ABO Blood Groups Why mixing blood can be dangerous? Antigen on Red Blood Cell Can Donate Blood to: Can Receive Blood from: Blood Cell Body makes Antibody Blood Type A B AB O

18. 4) White Blood Cells - _______________________________ – engulf pathogens Express antigens on pathogens – this helps your other immune system cells identify the bad pathogens - __________________________ – produce antibodies Each B cell produced different antibodies specific to each antigen - ___________________________ – make huge amounts of antibodies - ____________________________ – help B Cells become activated - __________________ – T Cells that destroy infected cells

20. 3. Immunity 1) __________________ - injection of an __________________ virus that causes the body to go through an _______________ - the body makes _______________________________ - when you come in contact with the pathogen, you do not get sick

21. - MAKING A VACCINE - __________________ – scientists have to find out what is making people sick - __________________ – scientists want to alter the pathogen so it will cause you to make antibodies but not make you sick 1 - _____________________ 2 - _____________________ 3 - ___________________ __________________ - ______________________ into you to cause an __________________ Your body has to make anitbodies

23. 2) ___________________ - _________________________________________ - you have memory cells in case you come in contact with the same pathogen - usually you will not get the same virus again - usually lasts a lifetime 3) ____________________ - you get antibodies from someone or something else - only last for 2 – 3 months - Example: ____________________________________ ____________________________________________ helps to keep you from getting sick in the first 3 months of life

24. C. Immune Diseases and Disorders 1. _______________________ - ______________________ is the pathogen that causes AIDS - ______________________ __________________ the body can not protect itself from other pathogens - HIV – ____________________ __________________________ - It destroys the ____________ so that the infected person _______ __________________________

25. - Most people with AIDS die of _______________ - Transmitted through bodily fluids ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ - Many people are _______ that they are infected - _________________________ for years - _______________ - Currently working to make vaccines

26. 2. _____________________ - The immune system attacks materials ________________ _________________________ dust, sun, pet fur, pollen, peanuts - The white blood cells release _______________________ Histamines cause itchyness, red eyes, sneezing 3. ________________________________ - Your immune system ______________________________ - examples: Hashimoto’s disease Lupus Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Rheumatoid Arthritis - _______________________________

27. 4. __________________ - cancer of the _______________________ - the body makes large amounts of ____________________ - the patient ______________________ - treatment: ______________________________