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Understanding Mixtures and Compounds in Matter

This article provides a review of the properties and changes in matter from Unit 1 and explores the characteristics of mixtures and compounds. It discusses the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, as well as the formation of solutions. Additionally, it explains the concepts of pure substances, elements, and compounds.

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Understanding Mixtures and Compounds in Matter

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  1. Unit 4- Mixture and Compounds

  2. Model So Far….. • Everything has been a simple “pure” particle…..

  3. REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 c • Matter is anything made of atoms. • Matter has observable and measurable qualities. • Two basic types of properties of matter: physical properties and chemical properties. • All matter can undergo change: physical change or chemical change

  4. REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 Properties • Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance (use your senses). • Chemical properties are determined by the make-up of a substance (only evident at the particle level).

  5. RIVIEW FROM UNIT 1 Change • Physical change- the original substance still exists (its particles are still the same); it has simply changed form. • Chemical change- takes place on the molecular level and produces a new substance (chemical changes are accompanied by physical changes) (hard to undo).

  6. Water vs. Ethanol

  7. What happens to the properties if I mix water and ethanol? • Solubility? • Density? • Boiling points? • Physical Change, not chemical

  8. What happens if I mix sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) together? • Chemical Change

  9. Change and Properties • Physical change – mixed two particles together, but no reaction. • Some properties are the same as the original substance (MP and BP), and other are a mix of those properties (density). • Chemical change – mixed particles react to form a new product. • All the physical and chemical properties have changes.

  10. Is the new product a mixture? “Elemental” “Compounded”

  11. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup

  12. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous

  13. Characteristics of mixture Homogenous- “homo” same or alike Heterogeneous- “hetero” different

  14. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture

  15. Heterogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous mixtures – are composed of large pieces that are easily separated by physical means. • You can see with your eyes (you might need a microscope for some) that the composition is not the same throughout • Components are distinguishable • Examples: fruit salad, vegetable soup, etc.

  16. Heterogeneous Mixture

  17. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

  18. Homogenous Mixture Homogenous mixtures – looks the same throughout but can be separated by physical means. • If you break a piece of homogeneous matter into smaller pieces, each piece will have the same properties as every other small piece. • If you look at one of the pieces under a microscope, it is impossible to distinguish one part as being a different material from any other part. • Examples: air and glass

  19. Homogenous Mixture

  20. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution

  21. Solution Everyday definition • Answer to a problem • A type of liquid Chemistry • Solution – uniform mixture that can contain solid, liquid, or gases Solution = Homogenous mixture They are synonyms

  22. How a solution is made? • Solution consist of a solvent and solute. • Solvent – the substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution; most plentiful substance in the solution. • Solute- one or more substance dissolved in a solution.

  23. How a solution is made? Important vocabulary Soluble Insoluble

  24. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution Solvent + Solute

  25. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution Solvent + Solute

  26. Pure Substance • Pure Substance – Consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties.

  27. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Element Solution Solvent + Solute

  28. Element • Elements – composed of 1 type of atom

  29. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Solution Solvent + Solute

  30. Compound • Compound – is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

  31. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Can be separated using physical means. Compound Element Solution Can be separated only by chemical means. Solvent + Solute

  32. Make a 4 column T chart Pure Substances Mixtures Element Compound Homo. Mixture Heter. Mixture

  33. Example for T chart • Water • Ethanol • Water mixed with ethanol • Sulfur • Iron • Iron Sulfide • Sugar • Sea Water • Vegetable Soup • Orange Juice

  34. BIG IDEA • Everything has been a simple “pure” particle….. But now we need to illustrate matter as either a mixture (homo/hetero) or a pure substance (compound/element).

  35. Separating Techniques • The primary concept of chemistry is the classification of matter. • You have learned that matter can be a pure substance or a mixture that is homogenous or heterogeneous.

  36. A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Solution Solvent + Solute

  37. Separating Techniques Why is this important to understand separation techniques?

  38. Separating Techniques • Settling • Used to separate substances with different weights • Sifting • Used to sort solids by size.

  39. Separating Techniques • Decanting: Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid by carefully pouring off the liquid. Based upon differences in density.

  40. Separating Techniques • Filtration • Used to separate a liquid and an insoluble solid. • Alum • Added to a liquid to promotes coagulation of suspended particles which is then filtered.

  41. Separation Techniques • Evaporation: Used to separation of a liquid and a soluble solid.

  42. Separation Techniques • Crystallization: Slow formation of a solid from a warm solution that is cooled.

  43. Separation Techniques • Distillation: Used to separation two miscible liquids, that have different boiling points. • If two liquids are miscible they form a homogeneous mixture when added together. Miscible = Mix • It is made possible due to the fact that each liquid has its unique boiling point. Crude Oil

  44. Separation Techniques • Separating Funnel: used in separate the two immiscible liquids with different densities. "water is immiscible with suntan oil” “alcohol is miscible with water”

  45. Separation Techniques • Magnetism: used to separate out any substance based on its magnetic properties.

  46. Separation Techniques • Paper Chromatography: used to separate soluble substances from one another based upon differences in size as a solvent moves over paper.

  47. Defining a process with word you don’t know Miscible Immiscible Soluble Insoluble

  48. Why is this important • How is your drinking water cleaned?

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