2 nd Workshop Rennes

1. 2nd Workshop Rennes November, 28th – 30th 2001

2. WP 1, Deliverables WP 1: Waste matter aspects: Characterisation, Standards, Data processing Deliverable 1: Methods to determine waste composition. Model for waste generation. Waste generation and composition for the 3 case studies. Deliverable 2: Report containing guidelines for the definition of the system, the subsystems and the processes MFA-Manual: Includes Deliverable 1 and 2

3. MFA Manual TABLE OF CONTENT • Purpose of this manual: objectives • Introduction to MFA: history • The methodology of MFA: definitions, procedures, results • Application of MFA in waste management • Case studies: MSW composition, thermal treatment, biological treatment, landfill • System Analysis Project AWAST: boundary, modeling, definitions

4. Purpose of the MFA Manual The objectives of the MFA-Manual are to determine and provide the project partners with: • a rigid methodology to establish mass balances • a basic, common terminology • waste characterisation methods • MFA case studies • system analysis of MSW management

5. History of MFA 17th Cent., MD Santorio Santorio : examination of human metabolism, discovers invisible excrements 1969, Ayres, Kneese:suggest the use of mass balances to supervise economy and to prevent pollution Beginning 70s, Statistical Commission UN:development of a system of statistic elements for environmental monitoring 90s: “Industrial Metabolism” - models of natural metabolism

6. Material balances of cities (e.g. Bruxells, Hong Kong) Material balances of regions and countries to identify and locate resources and/or pollutants (France, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland) Investigation of historic pollutions and derivation of effects for the future (USA, Sweden) Waste management: forcasting, planning of measures (starting point, priority and efficiency) and monitoring Integration in technical standards and legislation (BAWP, NRW) Applications of MFA

7. Prevention or reduction of waste production Prevention or reduction of harmfulness of waste Conservation of natural resources Recovery of waste or use of waste as a source of energy Waste recovery or disposal without endangering human health and without harming the environment Self-sufficiency of the Community in waste disposal MFA Manual – Objectives of WM (1) from the amended directive on waste (91/156/EEC,1991)

8. MFA Manual – Objectives of WM (2)

9. Purpose of the Case Studies • Demonstrate the use of MFA • Help the partners involved in channel dedicated workpackages (WP4, WP5, WP6) • Supply examples of system analysis for waste treatment plants • Supply data (transfer coefficients) for selected treatment plants

10. Case Study MBT Wide range of different types: Mechanical treatment, anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment. Definition of MBT (Austrian landfill directive): • Pretreatment of waste by using a combination of mechanical and biological processes • MT: separating of hardly biodegradable,harmful goods • BT: best decomposition of organic matter by aerobic or anaerobic-aerobic treatment • Explicit decrease of volume, water content and gas formation • Explicit improvement in leaching and settlement

11. Levels of the system AWAST Level 1 - Overview level • Easy comprehensible and clear picture • High aggregation of system parts (processes and goods) • Level-1 processes = Subsystems containing level-2 processes Level 2 - Link level • Connection between level 1 and level 3 • Connection between workpackages (e.g. WP5 = process “biological treatment) Level 3 - Data level • Most detailed level • Structure for data input. • Possible to add new processes (e.g. for new or alternative waste treatment technologies) or to delete processes (if they are not needed) in this level.