Welcome to… The 2 nd part of the 5th session Social Science & Conservation

1. 歡迎AlohaBienvenidos WelkomBem-vindoWelcomeWilkommen मेंआपकास्वागतहैKaselehlieMogethinRan AnnimLenwo Alii Yokwe HafaAdaiMauri Bienvenue欢迎СайнбайнаууSelamatحيبMenyambut สวัสดี歡迎Aloha Bienvenidos Welkom Bem-vindoWelcome Wilkommen मेंआपकास्वागतहैKaselehlie Mogethin Ran AnnimLenwo Alii Yokwe HafaAdaiMauri Bienvenue欢迎СайнбайнаууSelamatحيبMenyambut สวัสดี歡迎Aloha Bienvenidos Welkom Bem-vindoWelcomeWilkommen मेंआपकास्वागतहैKaselehlie Mogethin Ran AnnimLenwo PaAlii Yokwe HafaAdaiMauri Bienvenue欢迎СайнбайнаууSelamatحيبMenyambut สวัสดี歡迎Aloha Bienvenidos WelkomBem-vindoWelcomeWilkommen मेंआपकास्वागतहैKaselehlie Mogethin Ran AnnimLenwo Alii Yokwe HafaAdaiMauri Bienvenue欢迎СайнбайнаууSelamatحيبMenyambut สวัสดี歡迎Aloha BienvenidosWelkom Bem-vindoWelcome Wilkommen मेंआपकास्वागतहैKaselehlie MogethinRan AnnimLenwo AliiYokwe HafaAdaiKiribati – Mauri Bienvenue欢迎СайнбайнаууSelamatحيبMenyambut สวัสดี歡迎Alohaحيب Welcome to… The 2nd part of the 5th session Social Science & Conservation Training Series WebEx July 24/25, 2012

2. Quantitative Data Analysis in Social Science I & II Session I: June 25 Session II: July 25

3. Your hosts Rebecca Shirer Social Science Coda Fellow Conservation Scientist, Eastern New York Chapter Supin Wongbusarakum Senior Social Scientist Conservation Methods Central Science

4. Questions To ask a question, please send your question • via the WebEx chat window to Supin, OR • email to swongbusarakum@tnc.org

5. Outline of topics • Basic spreadsheet operations • Getting data into Excel • Quality control • Summarizing data • Functions • Pivot tables • Charts and graphs • Hypothesis testing • Chi Square • T-tests

6. How do you use your data?

7. Why Excel? Pros Cons Some functions not available or clunky Can’t handle relational databases Limited graphics Not generally acceptable for scientific publication Using Excel for Statistics - Tips and Warnings:http://www.jic.ac.uk/services/statistics/readingadvice/booklets/topxfs.html • Standard install for TNC • Variety of functions • Flexible for many types of data • Integrated graphics • Compatibility

8. Spreadsheet basics • Multiple spreadsheet tabs within one file • Tabular format: Rows (samples) and Columns (fields or variables), data in Cells • Tables can contain numbers, text, or functions • Basic Word text editing and formatting • Can sort, rearrange, cut/copy/paste, drag

9. Navigation tips • Arrows move through cells one at a time ORTab between columns; Enter between rows • CTRL+arrow jumps to end of row or column • SHIFT+arrow selects the current and adjacent row or column • CTRL+SHIFT+arrow selects to the end of the row or column • CTRL+’ copies the cell above • Dragging copies a cell across rows and columns

10. What types of data do you work with?

11. Quality control • Random spot checks • Using filters • Checking ranges and values • Finding data in large tables • Narrowing to a subset • Data validation

12. How do you maintain data quality?

13. Functions • Perform operations on the data • Mathematical, Logical, Text • Type an equal sign (=) or use ‘Insert Function’ • Reference a cell by column letter and row number (e.g. A3) or specify a range (e.g. A3:B5) • Use commas to separate terms • Enclose with parentheses =SUMIF(A3:A10, “>0”)

14. Some useful summary functions • COUNT(values) or COUNTIF(values, criteria) • SUM(values) or SUMIF(values, criteria) • AVERAGE(values) or AVERAGEIF(values, criteria) • MEDIAN(values) • MODE.SNGL(values) • Percentage = 100*(value/SUM(values)) or 100*(COUNTIF(values, criteria)/COUNT(values)) • MIN(values) and MAX(values) • VAR.S and VAR.P, STDEV.S and STDEV.P 95% Confidence Interval = 1.96*(STDEV.S(values)/SQRT(COUNT(values))

15. What calculations do you need?

16. Pivot Tables • Another way to generate summary statistics • Interactive data exploration • Count values in multiple categories at once • Restructure data for other analyses • Cross-tabulate multiple variables • Create Pivot Charts

17. Do you use pivot tables?

18. Charts and Graphs • Pie chart • Show proportion of the total across categories • Best for non-ordinal categories • Bar chart • Compare non-proportional amounts across categories • Nominal, ordinal, or time slices • Compare differences in composition • Line graph • Show trends over time in one or more continuous variable • Scatterplot • Show relationship between two continuous variables

19. What other graphical tools do you use?

20. Statistical tests • Hypothesis testing – know your question • T-tests • Does a continuous variable differ between two groups • ANOVA • Does a continuous variable differ among several groups • Chi-Square • Does the distribution of categorical data differ between groups or from an expected distribution • Regression • Do two continuous variables correlate?

21. Statistics in Excel • Need to load Analysis ToolPak in Excel • A statistics package will give you more options, easier interface, and more reliable results • BUT Excel can be sufficient for very simple informal analyses on very simple data if you take precautions • Make sure to structure the data correctly • Remove missing data codes, or remove incomplete observations entirely

22. What questions do you need to answer?

23. Where to find more information • Excel 2010 • ELM (TNC): https://connect.tnc.org/about/learntnc/Lists/Master%20list/DispForm.aspx?ID=136 • Microsoft: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/CH010369467.aspx • Statistics help online • http://onlinestatbook.com/ • http://www.statsref.com/ • Statistics software • JMP – http://www.jmp.com/software/jmp10/ • Contact tispal@tnc.org for a license • R - http://www.r-project.org/ • SPSS - http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/products/statistics/

24. http://www.conservationgateway.org/subtopic/integrating-human-well-being-conservationhttp://www.conservationgateway.org/subtopic/integrating-human-well-being-conservation