8 Principles

1. 8 Principles

2. TCM • Is Chinese medicine an art? Is it a science? • What does “Identification of Patterns mean?” • Why are the Eight Principles so Important?

3. Theory of the 8 Principles: Differentiation of patterns using the 8 principles it considered the base for all other method of pattern identification in TCM It can be applied to almost all cases as apposed to other methods of patterns of identification • The 4 paired characteristics of the 8 principles are: 1. Yin Yang (Overall Quality of the disease) 2. Interior Exterior (Location of the disease) 3. Deficiency Excess (Relative Strength of the disease) 4. Cold Heat (Nature of the disease)

4. 8 Principles What are the s/s manifesting?

5. 8 principles aspects defined Yin substantial energy, that nourishes, moistens and that as more structure Interior: internal organs affected Deficiency (Empty) of Upright Qi and the absence of PF Full Cold arise from Yin shi Empty Cold arise from Yang xu • Yang unsubstantial energy, the physiological energy that moves, warms and transforms • Exterior: space between the skin and muscles where the Wei-Qi & sweats are located and first invaded by EPI • Excess presence of PF while the Upright Qi is relatively strong • Full Heat arise from Yang shi • Empty Heat arise from Yin xu

6. A patient’s condition can be deficient, cold and/or interior • However, it could also be a combination any of these principles • e.g.: A person can have an interior deficient condition complicated with an excess condition - Chronic Spleen deficiency that has led to the accumulation of Dampness; the later being an excess condition).

7. Therefore, in theory, we can further categories the 8 principles as follow: 1. Yin/Yang - Yin includes (Interior, Deficient, Cold) - Yang includes (Exterior, Excess, Heat) - Deficient Yin or Yang - Collapse of Yin or Yang 2. Interior/Exterior - Exterior gone Interior OR Interior gone Exterior 3. Cold/Heat combination: - Cold on the Ext. / Heat on the Int. - Heat on the Ext. / Cold on the Int. - Heat above / Cold below OR Cold above / Heat below - True Cold-False Heat / True Heat-False Cold 4. Deficiency/Excess: - Deficiency of Qi, Yang, Xue and/or Yin

8. EXTERIOR and INTERIOR

9. Exterior

10. Interior

11. Relationship between Exterior and Interior • 1) Transmission from Ext. to Int. (Diseases gets worse) • Wei-Qi weak & PF is stronger • wrong treatment ; worsening the imbalance • 2) Transmission from Int. to Ext. (Disease gets better) • Wei-Qi pushed out PF • right treatment ; pushing out the pathogen • 3) Ext. and Int. at the same time • Ext. evil invading the Ext. and Int. at the same time • patient with chronic disease suffering from a new disease • 4) Intermediate syndrome between Ext. and Int. (Shaoyang) • EPI fails to be transmitted completely to the Int., while the • Wei-Qi is not strong enough to expel it to the surface. • The evil is between the Ext.& Int. • * key s/s Strong alternating chills and fever

12. HEAT and COLD

13. Cold & Heat

14. Relationship between Cold and Heat 1. Complicated Syndromes of Cold and Heat(Cold & Heat s/s at same time) a) Heat above with Cold below / Cold above w Heat below b) Ext. Cold with Int. Heat Synd. (chronic int. heat gets ext.cold) c) Ext. Heat with Int. Cold Synd. (chronic int. cold gets ext.heat) 2. Transformation of Cold and Heat (consuming of one another) a) cold Synd. changing into heat Synd. (ext.cold prol. turn into heat) b) heat Synd. changing into cold Synd. (ext.heat prol. turn into cold) 3. True Heat (Int.) with False Cold (Ext.) * Excess. Int. Heat which hinders the Yang Qi from reaching the Ext. 4. True Cold (Int.) with False Heat (Ext.) * Excess. Yin Cold Int. which forces Yang Qi to Ext.

15. True and False Phenomenon in Heat and Cold Syndromes:

16. Lets apply the theory of INT./EXT and HEAT/COLD

17. EXCESS and DEFICIENCY

18. Excess vs Deficiency

19. Relationship between Excess and Deficiency 1) Complex Syndrome of Deficiency and Excess a) Chronic Qi xu gets a Wind Cold b) Chronic Kidney Yin xu gets hyperactivity of Liver Yang * Upper Excess and Lower Deficiency (seen in patient with hypertension) c) Excessive and Deficiency signs at the same time 2) True Excess with False Deficiency * Exc. Synd. similar s/s to Def. Synd. 3) True Deficiency with False Excess * Def. Synd. similar s/s to Exc. Synd.

20. Relationship between Excess and Deficiency 4) Transformation from Deficiency and Excess a) Transformation from Excess to Deficiency * Misdiagnosis or wrong treatment * hyperactivity of PF damages Wei-Qi b) Transformation from Deficiency to Excess * Def. of Wei-Qi may impair the ZangFu functions in distributing and transforming resulting in the production of internal pathogenic factors and manifesting as various Exc. symptoms

21. YANG and YIN

22. Yang & Yin

23. Yang & Yin associated with 6 other principles

24. Yin & Yang xu and collapsed

25. Lets apply the theory of EXCESS / DEFICIENCY And Yin/Yang

26. ...did we get it all?

27. ...and here is some more homework for your pleasure of the 8 Principles

28. Break

29. 5 Elements

30. How might the 5 Elements be important not just for diagnosis but to our planet in general?

31. How do you gather and use the correspondences?

32. The Five Elements have many related correspondences. Why are these important?

33. 5 Elementcorrespondences

34. 5 Element correspondences • The 5 elements (Fire, Water, Wood, Earth and Metal) are a way that Chinese philosophy describe the way that Qi manifests itself in the universe. • This can also explain how the human body is influenced by the energies of these elements. Each element have correspondences:

35. 5 Element interdependence • Manifestation of Qi in 5 elements flows into a generating (Shen) cycle where the arrows going in a clockwise direction show how the elements interact with each other. • Fireburns Woodand produces ashes that transforms into Earth. • Earthproduces and contains the precious Metals. • Metalis heated it becomes fluids such as Water. • Waterallows the growth of vegetation creating (Wood to grow). • Wood is burned it produces Fire. T

36. ...manifesting in the body • Test your knowledge of the 5 element correspondences

37. Climate correspondences Fire Wind Heat Cold Dryness Damp Summer Heat

38. Emotions & Sounds

39. FIRE – JOY (Laughing) .....Gone bad

40. Earth – worried, pensiveness(singing)

41. Metal- Sadness (crying)

42. Water- Fear, fright (groaning)

43. Wood-Anger, Stress, frustration, resentment (shouting)

44. Spiritual /Emotional aspects

45. How to use 5 Element in pattern identification

46. Five Element Interrelationships

47. 5 Element cycles Balanced T Shen - Generating Ka – Controlling / acting Imbalanced NOT Generating Over-Controlling / Over-acting Insulting / Rebelling

48. Finding the patterns TRICK: 1. find which 2 organs that the s/s relates to 2. find in which cycles Shen or Ka they belong to 3. determine the imbalance 1st example: s/s cough (Lu), breathlessness (Lu), loss of voice (Lu), asthma (Lu/Ki) Pattern: Metal not generating Water 2nd example: palpitations (Ht), insomnia (Ht), breathlessness (Lu) Pattern: Metal insulting Fire The opposite, Fire overacting on Metal, would have more Metal s/s (cough w profuse yellow sputum, feeling of heat, red face). Color manifesting in face can help indicate the overacting sequence.

49. 5 element disharmonies Generating sequence patterns: (conditions of deficiency induced by the mother element) • Wood not gen. Fire: timidity, lack of courage , indecisions, palpitations, insomnia • Fire not gen. Earth: loose stools, chilliness, weakness of the limbs • Earth not gen. Metal: phlegm in the chest, cough, tiredness • Metal not gen. Water: cough, breathlessness, loss of voice, asthma • Water not gen. Wood: dizziness, blurred vision, headaches, vertigo

50. 5 elements disharmonies Over-Controlling sequence patterns: • Wood over-acting on Earth: hyponchdrial / epigastric pain, feeling of distension, irritability, loose stools, poor appetite, greenish face • Earth over-acting on Water: oedema, difficult urination, yellow face • Water over-acting on Fire: oedema of ankles, backache, cold feeling, dizziness, expectoration of thin-watery sputum, palpitations • Fire over-acting on Metal: cough w profuse yellow sputum feeling of heat, red face • Metal over-acting on Wood: tiredness, irritability, distension, cough, white face