Clouds of War

1. Clouds of War Chapter 26

2. Foreign Affairs 1933-1936 Anti-Semite Jews scapegoats Austrian Thugs and Bullies Organized Nazi Party Rise of Hitler Wrote Mein Kampf Preached Germans were Master Race Nazi Bible Great Speaker Appealed to a discontented Germany Attacked Treaty of Versailles Establish Third Reich

3. Hitler as a Soldier in World War I

4. NAZI PROPAGANDA DEPICTING THE IDEAL ARYAN MEMBER OF THE MASTER RACE

5. EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTISEMITISM FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

6. COVER PAGE OF GERMAN EDITIONS OF MEIN KAMPF WRITTEN IN 1924 WHILE HITLER WAS IMPRISONED FOR STAGING A REVOLT

7. HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1933 Der Fuhrer

8. VOLKSWAGEN: A CAR FOR ALMOST EVERY GERMAN FAMILY

9. WHY WAS HITLER SUCCESSFUL IN TAKING OVER GERMANY?

11. STALIN, RUTHLESS DICTATOR OF THE USSR: 1923-1953 Systematic liquidation

12. Italy was under the control of Benito Mussolini Il Duce

13. Japan Under the control of expansion minded military leaders

14. Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union and Germany had become threats to World Peace

15. MARCH TO WAR • JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA • ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA • SPANISH CIVIL WAR • HITLER’S CONQUESTS

16. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia

18. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations • No control of major conflicts. • No progress in disarmament. • No effective military force.

19. ETHIOPIAN ARMY

20. Royal Family of Ethiopia

22. 1936 Germany moved its army into the Rhineland

23. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The “Pact of Steel”

24. Spanish Civil War 1936 Rebels led by Francisco Franco rose up against Spanish government Franco hoped to overthrow the Loyalist regime Franco aided by Mussolini and Hitler US did not aid the Loyalists and a government friendly to the US will collapse

25. FRANCO PROPAGANDA POSTER HITLER & FRANCO

26. THE DEMOCRACIES REACT BRITAIN,FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES REMAINED NEUTRAL AND REFUSED TO AID EITHER SIDE BECAUSE THEY DID NOT WANT TO FIGHT ANOTHER WAR THIS ACTUALLY HELPED FRANCO WIN BECAUSE HITLER & MUSSOLINI GAVE SUBSTANTIAL MILITARY AID

27. U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA

28. Good Neighbor Policy FDR improved relations with Latin America FDR renounced intervention in Latin America at 7th Pan American Conference in Montevideo 1933 US marines left Haiti in 1934 Cuba was released from Platt Amendment US kept its naval base at Guantanamo US reduced troops in Panama FDR held in great esteem by citizens of Latin America

29. US and Mexico 1938 President of Mexico announced government takeover of foreign oil properties US had a lot of money in the oil properties US and Mexico negotiated and the Mexican government paid companies for their properties

30. Japanese-American Relations Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 Condemned by the League of Nations as an aggressor Japan withdrew from the League 1937 Japan attacked China Europeans afraid to act USS Panay attacked on the Yellow River by Japan in 1937 Japan apologized and paid an indemnity

32. FDR and Neutrality FDR warned if aggression of Japan, Italy, and Japan was allowed to continue it would lead to another world war US could not be a spectator FDR called for a Quarantine of the Nazis and their allies

33. The Quarantine Speech was given by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 5, 1937 in Chicago, calling for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations" as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and isolationism that was prevalent at the time. The speech intensified America's isolationist mood, causing protest by isolationists and foes to intervention. No countries were directly mentioned in the speech, but it was interpreted as referring to Japan, Italy, and Germany.[1] Roosevelt suggested the use of economic pressure, a forceful response, but less direct than outright aggression.

34. Americans were pacifists Americans were isolationists Nye hearings Many Americans wanted an amendment passed to the US Constitution to submit a declaration of war to a popular vote– favored by 75% of the American people

35. NYE COMMITTEE NYE COMMITTEE: SENATOR NYE FROM NORTH DAKOTA (CENTER) FORMED A COMMITTEE IN 1936 TO INVESTIGATE THE ACTIONS OF BANKERS AND MUNITIONS (WEAPONS) MAKERS FROM 1914-1918. THE NYE REPORT CONVINCED MILLIONS OF CITIZENS THAT THE BANKERS WHO HAD LENT MONEY TO THE EUROPEAN ALLIES HAD BEEN "MERCHANTS OF DEATH" AND HAD TRICKED THE COUNTRY INTO WAR BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO MAKE A PROFIT AT ANY COST.

36. Neutrality Acts 1935,1936,1937 Americans were warned not to travel on belligerent ships No arms were to be sent to belligerent nations President could determine when a conflict was a war Cash and Carry– nations could buy US goods for cash only and they had to use their own ships, embargoed munitions

37. Hitler on the March March 1938 Germany invaded and annexed Austria

38. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

39. Allies allowed Hitler to take the Sudentenland of Czechoslovakia “Peace in our time.” (Chamberlain) Six months later he took the rest of Czechoslovakia

40. EUROPEAN LEADERS AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE THAT GAVE THE SUDETENLAND TO HITLER. A PRIME EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT. NO REPRESENTATIVE FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WAS INVITED TO ATTEND. SPEECH BY HITLER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN EDOUARD DALADIER

41. Non Aggression Pact 1939 August 1939 Non-Aggression Pact Germany and USSR Hitler wanted to avoid a two front war

42. The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939

43. THE WORLD IS SHOCKED WHEN GERMANY AND THE USSR SIGN A NONAGGRESSION PACT, PROMISING NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER

44. HITLER WANTED TO AVOID A TWO FRONT WAR

45. September 1, 1939 Germany and the USSR invaded Poland Britain and France declare war

46. HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 1939

47. MILITARY STRENGTH COMPARSION BETWEEN GERMANY AND POLAND IN 1939

48. US Reaction September 21, 1939 FDR called a special session of Congress Neutrality Act of 1939- repealed arms embargo

49. Phony War Section 2 Germany withdrawing forces from Poland Great Britain moving its forces to France French sat behind the Maginot Line* (350 miles long) Europe was quiet until USSR invaded tiny Finland

50. MAGINOT LINE