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THE SIX DAY WAR

THE SIX DAY WAR. Lanie Corrigan, Simogne Hudson, Laura Mitchell, Hannah Steinkopf -Frank, & Ariana Stuart. May 22, 1967: Egypt creates blockade on Straits of Tiran-Act of War June 5, 1967 (Day 1): Israel strikes and destroys most of Egypt’s air force

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THE SIX DAY WAR

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  1. THE SIX DAY WAR Lanie Corrigan, Simogne Hudson, Laura Mitchell, Hannah Steinkopf-Frank, & Ariana Stuart May 22, 1967: Egypt creates blockade on Straits of Tiran-Act of War June 5, 1967 (Day 1): Israel strikes and destroys most of Egypt’s air force June 7, 1967 (Day 3): Israel gains control of Jerusalem and the blockade on the Straits of Tiran is broken June 10, 1967 (Day 6): Israel gains control of Golan Heights

  2. Key Players: • GamalAbdul Nasser • EGYPT Nikolai Podgorny SOVIET UNION Nureddin Al-Atassi SYRIA Moshe Dayan ISRAEL Anwar Sadat EGYPT • Expelled UN peacekeepers from the Sinai peninsula, announcing a blockade of the Straits of Tiran to Israel-bound shipping • Regarded as “casus belli” (act of war) • The SU supplied weapons to Syria and Egypt • Podgorny delivered a false intelligence report to Egypt that Israel massing on Syria’s border • Received the false intelligence report from Podgorny • Vice President at the time; ordered war action • Replaced Eskhol as Defense Minister • Israeli planes destroyed the Egyptian Air Force on the ground • Personally oversaw the capture of East Jerusalem • Syria’s Ba’ath party vehemently anti-Israel • Activated military pact with Egypt against Israel • Essentially Head of State during the war

  3. ISRAEL’S POINTS OF CONTENTION • -Israel was upset that Nassar closed the Straits of Iran, and felt that they had no alternative but to fight. • -Israel had little desire to fight, yet felt they had to keep up with Egypt’s hostile rhetoric • -France was opposing Nassar, and Israel wanted to build a firm relationship with France, so they saw benefit in opposing Nassar along side the French. • -Wanted to hold onto the land which they owned and possibly gain more • -Palestinian Fedayeen operations against Israel started to increase again, reinforcing Israel’s feeling of vulnerability • -Syrian and Israeli border relations deteriorated

  4. Gamal Nasser and Egypt • Tension of Israel’s borders. • Nasser as the champion of pan-Arabism. • One-Uping Hostility • Influence of the Soviet Union

  5. Nureddin al-Atassi and Syria • Nureddin al-Atassi, President of Syria, wanted liberation for Syria against Israel similar to the United States in Vietnam. • Formation of “El Fatah”. • Rise of the Ba’thists.

  6. Palestinians • Palestinian revival • Fatah (1957) • PLO (1964) • Palestine as a future state • Arab control of the PLO was limited. • Fedayeen operations against Israel.

  7. Six Day War: Key Events • June 5, 7:45 AM: Israeli Air Attack (Operation Focus). Israel uses 90% of its air force on a surprise attack on Egypt. Israeli forces flew under the Egyptian radar from unexpected directions. Israel destroyed 80% of Egypt’s bombers and gained control of the skies over the southern front. • June 5: Jordan, Syria, and Iraq attack Israel. Israeli forces counterattack Jordan and Syria. • June 5-6: Battle of Abu-Ageila. After 12 hours of fighting, Israel had control of the road junction at Abu-Ageila and the road to Sinai was open. • June 6: UN drafts cease-fire resolution. Israel and Jordan accept the resolution, but Egypt, Syria, and Iraq reject it. • June 7: Israel takes Jerusalem. Israeli troops take control of Jerusalem, including the Old City. The Old City has the Jewish Quarter and the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism.

  8. Six Day War: Key Events • June 7: Israel breaks Straits of Tiran blockade. Israel takes the city of Sharm el-Sheikh from Egypt, and opens the Straits of Tiran to all ships. • June 8: Israel consolidates hold on West Bank. Israeli forces take control of Hebron and other West Bank towns. • June 8: Israel attacks USS Liberty. 34 Americans killed in the attack. Israel claims it is a mistake, but tensions are increased between the US and Israel. • June 9: Israel and Syria fight in Golan. Israel realizes Israeli citizens in the north would not be safe if Syria continued to control Golan. • June 10: Israel gains control of Golan heights. • June 10:Ceasefire agreed upon by all parties.

  9. Outcome of the Conflict • Israel in control of: • West Bank (Jordan) • Sinai peninsula and Gaza Strip (Egypt) • Golan Heights (Syria) • Jerusalem

  10. Outcomes Continued • President Johnson’s Five Principles: • Every nation in the area has a right to recognition and respect • Justice is required for the refugees • Maritime rights must be preserved (Open the Straits of Tiran) • Control of military arms shipments • Respect of political independence and territorial integrity • UN Resolution 242 • Israel withdraws from Six-Day War territories • Freedom on navigation in the international waterways • Establishment of Demilitarized Zones

  11. Sources • Schulze, Kirsten E. The Arab-Israeli Conflict. London: Longman, 1999. Print. • "The Six-Day War." The Six-Day War. CAMERA, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.

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